Comparative Assessment of CCTV Implementation in Government and Private Places in the Province of Capiz, Philippines

Abstract

Guided by Rational Choice Theory and Deterrence Theory, this study explored how Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are implemented in both government and private sectors in the Province of Capiz, Philippines. Using a descriptive-comparative approach, the study gathered data from 1,567 respondents—including police officers, barangay chairpersons, and security guards—from 17 municipalities and cities through stratified random sampling. A validated and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that CCTV systems were generally in place in government- owned establishments, while implementation in private establishments was only moderate. Differences in perceptions were also evident across respondent groups. Statistical analysis revealed that police officers and security guards consistently rated CCTV implementation higher than barangay chairpersons in both sectors. This suggests that professional roles and day-to-day exposure to security operations shape how CCTV effectiveness is viewed. When examined through the lenses of Rational Choice and Deterrence theories, CCTV emerges as an important tool that discourages crime by increasing the perceived risk of being detected and punished. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for clearer policies, stronger coordination among agencies, and continued investment in surveillance infrastructure to improve public safety and promote more effective governance in both public and private spaces.