Enhancing Milkfish Profitability Through Optimized Feeding Practices and Integrated Resource Management in the Davao Region

Abstract

Milkfish (Chanos chanos; Forsskål, 1775), locally known as Bangus, is one of the Philippines’ top aquaculture commodities, playing a crucial role in food security and rural livelihoods—especially in the Davao region. However, the rapid expansion of milkfish farming has exposed significant challenges in terms of feeding practices and environmental impacts. Intensive feeding using commercial feeds has led to increased feed costs (~80% of operational expenses) and negative impacts on water quality, while overreliance on conventional fishmeal raises concerns about both economic viability and environmental impacts. Our recent research highlights promising alternative protein sources (e.g., poultry by-products, soybean meal, insect meal, and seaweed) that may replace traditional fishmeal, thereby reducing production costs and mitigating environmental impacts. This policy brief reviews current operational practices, evaluates the challenges and opportunities associated with feed management, and underscores the potential of integrating indigenous knowledge systems from local communities to promote sustainable practices. Recommendations include increased support for research and development, subsidies and technical assistance for adopting alternative feed formulations, enhanced regulatory oversight, and stronger stakeholder collaboration. Such integrated policy measures are essential to ensure the continued growth and sustainability of milkfish aquaculture while protecting the coastal marine environment and community well-being.

Author Biographies

• Edison D. Macusi, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Davao Oriental State University, Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines

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• Henzel P. Bongas, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Davao Oriental State University, Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines

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• Erna S. Macusi, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Davao Oriental State University, Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines

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• Anthony C. Sales, Regional Office, Department of Science and Technology (DOST-XI), Davao City, Philippines

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• Michael B. Andam, Institute of Aquatic and Applied Sciences, Davao del Norte State College, Panabo City, Davao del Norte, Philippines

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