Davao Research Journal
type: channel
description: The Davao Research Journal is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that publishes research and developmental reports across various fields of study. It is the official journal of the Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU). The journal seeks contributions from other researchers and writers from various institutions, universities, and agencies, including foreign authors, who are welcome to submit their manuscripts.
publisher: Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU)
language: en
publication name: Davao Research Journal
issn: 2244-4432
copyright: DRJ is an open-access journal and the article's license is CC-BY-NC. This license allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build on the author's work, as long as they give credit to the original work. Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal/publisher non-exclusive publishing rights with the work simultaneously licensed under a https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
items: Psychosocial Burden in Early-Stage Cancer Caregiving: A Study from Kerala, India
items: A Scoping Review of Generative AI Usage and Human Cognition in Education and Professional Practice: Dual-Edged Cognitive Impacts and a Governance Framework
items: The Relationship between Fair Labor Practices and Employee Retention on Employee Productivity in Lodging Facilities in Tacurong City
items: The Lived Experiences of Former Students and Community Stakeholders on Recruitment Pathways in Salugpongan Lumad Schools: An Inquiry
items: Automated Billing System of Rural Water System Association (RUWASA)
items: Perceptions of the Resident Towards Mining Operation in Barangay Macambol, Mati City, Davao Oriental
items: Lifescape and Mindscape of Cateel Upland Rice Farmers and their Indigenous Post-Harvest Practices
items: Antifungal Potential of Different Weed Leachates for the Postharvest Control of Papaya Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum spp.
items: Life History and Predatory Behavior of Euborellia annulata (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) on Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus)
items: Effect of a Structuralist-Based Geometry Instructional Approach on the Mathematical Literacy of Grade 9 Students
items: LDPE Biodegradation Potential of Landfill-Derived Myrothecium sp. Strain Gavilo–Nemenzo (FS3) from Davao Oriental, Philippines
items: Green Extraction and Sustainability Assessment of Total Carotenoids from Carrot (Daucus Carota) Peel Waste using Soybean Oil
items: Automation of Vehicle Entry and Exit at Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
items: Basic Statistical Ecology Software
items: Record-Keeping in Small-scale Aquaculture: Perceptions and Challenges
items: Police Self-Image in Relation to Public Trust in the Second Congressional District of Davao Oriental
items: GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA-AHP) for Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping and Urban Sprawl Assessment in the City of Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines
items: Roles of Various Family Member in Abaca Production in Baganga, Davao Oriental
items: Quantitative Analysis of Soil, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in the Mango Farm of MEFCO, Mati City, Davao Oriental
items: Linking Environmental Factors to Phenolic Concentrations in Seagrasses of Silliman Beach and Olympia Island, Negros Oriental
items: Pusit (Squid) Chicharon as an Enterprise Development Project
items: Design and Construction of Motorcycle Telescopic Oil Seal Remover with Installer
items: Molecular and Histopathological Detection of Vibrio harveyi Associated with Mortality in Asian Sea Bass Cultured in Sri Lanka
items: Math Avoidance and Psychological Difficulties in Relation to Number Sense: A Structural Equation Model
items: Professional Experience and Personal Circumstances as Determinants of Science Teacher Preparedness in Lupon District, Davao Oriental
items: Enhancing Food Diversification to Address Food Security among Fishermen in Davao Region, Philippines
items: Awareness and Perceptions on Reproductive Health Law Among Tausug in Magsaysay, Mati City, Davao Oriental
items: Gender Mapping of Abaca Farmers in Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines
items: Lea Angsinco-Jimenez, Ph.D.: A Pioneer in Marine Science—Legacy and Impact
items: Strengthening Resilience among Small-Scale Fishers in Coastal Communities in Davao Region

Psychosocial Burden in Early-Stage Cancer Caregiving: A Study from Kerala, India
type: item
description: Family caregivers of cancer patients are their spouses, adult children, or close relatives; these individuals provide sustained, unpaid care typically without formal training or institutional recognition. This study examines the psychosocial challenges experienced by family caregivers of cancer patients in the early stages in the state of Kerala, India, with a specific focus on Idukki district, a region characterised by high cancer incidence and a predominantly family-based caregiving culture. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected from 60 caregivers using a self-structured, 51-item questionnaire aligned with the study’s objectives. Participants were selected through convenience non-probability sampling from both public and private hospital settings. Findings reveal substantial psychosocial burden among caregivers, particularly in the early stages of cancer care: 56.67% identified psychological difficulties as their primary burden, 78.33% reported at least occasional emotional strain, 68.33% experienced significant role changes, and pronounced economic vulnerability was evident, with 73.33% of caregivers classified as Below Poverty Line and 78.33% reporting a monthly household income below ₹20,000 (≈ US$241 or ₱12,792.90). The study concludes that strengthening caregiver-focused interventions through counselling services, respite care, psychoeducation, and community-based support is essential to advancing holistic, equitable, and sustainable cancer care in India.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Early-stage cancer care
  topic: keywords
subject: family caregivers
  topic: keywords
subject: informal caregiving
  topic: keywords
subject: social work
  topic: keywords
subject: psychosocial burden
  topic: keywords
creator: P. J. Alby
creator: J. O. Jeryda Gnanajane Eljo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alby P. J., J. O. Jeryda Gnanajane Eljo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-15
publication date: 2026-08-15
starting page: 59
ending page: 65
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i3.617

A Scoping Review of Generative AI Usage and Human Cognition in Education and Professional Practice: Dual-Edged Cognitive Impacts and a Governance Framework
type: item
description: The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI) across education, healthcare, ethics, and professional practice is rapidly increasing. This growth has sparked a polarized debate, with Gen-AI viewed either as a powerful cognitive augmenter or as a potential threat to critical thinking, creativity, and independent reasoning. To examine this issue, the review scope was defined using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, and the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Springer, and Wiley Online Library. Only English-language publications published between 2020 and 2025 were considered. Following multi-stage screening, duplicate removal, eligibility assessment, and human verification, 107 peer-reviewed articles were included in the final analysis. Among the selected studies, 42% focused on university education, 23% on school education, 16% on medical education, 11% on ethics and moral responsibilities, and 8% on professional training. Synthesis of the findings led to two major conceptual contributions. First, the Cognitive Impact Taxonomy (CIT) provides a structured approach for assessing Gen-AI’s influence on fluid and crystallized intelligence, key cognitive processes, and the trajectory of cognitive impacts leading to severity assessment. Second, the Integrated Cognitive Symbiosis Framework (ICSF) introduces a three-layer governance model to support responsible and cognitively healthy Gen-AI adoption. Together, the CIT–ICSF pipeline offers educators, institutional leaders, and policymakers a practical mechanism to maximize the benefits of Gen-AI while mitigating potential long-term cognitive risks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Generative Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Cognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Scoping Review
  topic: keywords
creator: Kaneeka Vidanage
creator: Manith Marapperuma
creator: Shakya Dissanayake
creator: Faiz Mohideen Mohamed Thassim Marikar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kaneeka Vidanage, Manith Marapperuma, Shakya Dissanayake, Faiz Mohideen Mohamed Thassim Marikar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-08
publication date: 2026-08-08
starting page: 45
ending page: 58
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i3.615

The Relationship between Fair Labor Practices and Employee Retention on Employee Productivity in Lodging Facilities in Tacurong City
type: item
description: The hospitality industry relies on effective human resource management to sustain service quality, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance. Fair labor practices and employee retention are recognized as key factors influencing employee productivity; however, their combined effects remain underexplored in small and medium-sized lodging facilities in provincial areas of the Philippines. This study determined the levels of fair labor practices, employee retention, and employee productivity and examined their relationships among employees of lodging facilities in Tacurong City. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed involving 50 employees from 11 registered lodging facilities selected through total enumeration sampling. Data were gathered using validated questionnaires with high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88 for fair labor practices, 0.87 for employee retention, and 0.95 for employee productivity). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results showed high levels of fair labor practices (M = 4.13), employee retention (M = 4.28), and employee productivity (M = 4.16). Fair labor practices (r = .63, p < .001) and employee retention (r = .702, p < .001) were both significantly and positively associated with employee productivity. Regression analysis revealed that the two variables jointly explained 53.9% of the variance in employee productivity (R² = .539), with employee retention emerging as the stronger predictor. The findings emphasize the importance of fostering equitable labor practices and implementing effective employee retention strategies to enhance workforce productivity and organizational performance in the hospitality industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Employee retention
  topic: keywords
subject: employee productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: fair labor practices
  topic: keywords
subject: hospitality management
  topic: keywords
subject: lodging facilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Leonard O Engada
creator: Reynaldo S Llamo Jr.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Leonard O. Engada, Reynaldo S. Llamo Jr. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-07-21
publication date: 2026-07-21
starting page: 36
ending page: 44
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i3.613

The Lived Experiences of Former Students and Community Stakeholders on Recruitment Pathways in Salugpongan Lumad Schools: An Inquiry
type: item
description: While alternative school systems are designed to provide education in remote areas, they can be systematically exploited by non-state actors as institutional pipelines for insurgent recruitment. Understanding how these educational networks manipulate geographical isolation helps identify the critical interventions needed to safeguard vulnerable indigenous youth. However, empirical research tracing the precise, step-by-step socialization and tactical training mechanics within these specific alternative school systems is limited. The main objective of this qualitative phenomenological study was to analyze how the Salugpongan Lumad schools in Talaingod, Davao del Norte, that were operational until 2019, were structurally utilized to transition indigenous youth from classrooms into active combat roles by the CPP-NPA-NDF. Data were generated from semi-structured interviews with ten key participants, including former students, former rebels, parents, and tribal Datus, and analyzed through Content Analysis. The results revealed that the recruitment pipeline relied on three distinct phases. First, a complete lack of government services forced families to rely entirely on the schools for free basic goods. Second, untrained volunteer teachers replaced standard subjects with subversive lessons and used peer pressure to drive radicalization. Third, older students received intense physical and weapons training in insurgent camps. This was finished with a three-month 'Revolutionary Integration' phase that made it mentally impossible for them to leave. The findings suggest that the government must urgently continue to broaden the construction of permanent public schools in isolated ancestral domains.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alternative schools
  topic: keywords
subject: CPP–NPA recruitment
  topic: keywords
subject: IP education
  topic: keywords
subject: Lumad
  topic: keywords
subject: Salugpongan
  topic: keywords
creator: Bismark D Gumela
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bismark D. Gumela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-07-15
publication date: 2026-07-15
starting page: 22
ending page: 35
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i3.610

Automated Billing System of Rural Water System Association (RUWASA)
type: item
description: The Automated Billing System was developed for the Rural Water System Association (RUWASA) to eliminate problems with their current billing system and enable well-organized operations to become more productive. In building the software, we made use of the prototyping method, in which five steps have to be done: first is the requirements gathering and refinement. Our team conducted a series of interviews among RUWASA’s employees, including access to data and observation of their current system. Second, is the Quick Design, this is the design phase in which the gathered data was analyzed, and diagrams were drafted and converted into a logical schema. Third is building the prototype. Our team made use of the MS Access 2000 software for the database and Visual Basic 6.0 for the system interface. Programming, coding the data, and determining system constraints were done. Fourth is the customer evaluation of the prototype. The developed prototype was delivered to the customer for testing and evaluation. The fifth and final step is refining the prototype and the Engineering Product. In this final stage, modifications in the prototype’s specification were made to suit and satisfy customers’ needs. The development system would greatly help the office of RUWASA in its daily work and thus serve the community efficiently.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Automated
  topic: keywords
subject: Billing
  topic: keywords
subject: Programming
  topic: keywords
subject: RUWASA
  topic: keywords
subject: profit sharing-system
  topic: keywords
creator: Raissa May G Dumbrigue
creator: Diana F Mangaliwan
creator: Tanya Brigette P Sola
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 Raissa May G. Dumbrigue, Diana F. Mangaliwan, Tanya Brigette P. Sola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2005-12-20
publication date: 2005-12-20
starting page: 83
ending page: 98
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i3.606

Perceptions of the Resident Towards Mining Operation in Barangay Macambol, Mati City, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: This study was conducted in Barangay Macambol, Mati, Davao Oriental, to assess the residents’ perceptions and awareness regarding mining operations. Specifically, it aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of the residents, evaluate the community’s acceptability of mining operations, identify the socio-economic and possible environmental impacts of mining, and determine the level of awareness of residents regarding mining activities. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, perceptions, acceptability, socio-economic impacts, environmental concerns, and awareness of mining operations. In addition, site visits, ocular inspections, and photo documentation were conducted to validate observations in the study area. Data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that among the 250 respondents, the majority belonged to the 41–50 age bracket. Most respondents earned less than Php 3,000 per month, while fishing was identified as the primary occupation of many respondents (44%). Regarding the acceptability of mining operations, the majority (55%) expressed agreement, citing employment opportunities and potential economic benefits for the community and the country. However, respondents also recognized the possible environmental consequences of mining, with 92% believing that mining activities could contribute to environmental degradation and the destruction of natural resources. In terms of awareness, most respondents were informed about mining operations through public consultations conducted by the mining company (76%), although awareness through newspapers, radio, and television remained limited. The study recommends that mining operations adhere to responsible mining principles that promote environmental protection, community welfare, sustainable development, and improved quality of life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Macambol
  topic: keywords
subject: Mining
  topic: keywords
subject: Operations
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Residents
  topic: keywords
creator: Dani Antonio B Acha
creator: Eleanor M Vilela
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 Dani Antonio B. Acha, Eleanor M. Vilela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2005-12-19
publication date: 2005-12-19
starting page: 69
ending page: 82
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i3.605

Lifescape and Mindscape of Cateel Upland Rice Farmers and their Indigenous Post-Harvest Practices
type: item
description: This descriptive study explored the lifescape, mindscape, and indigenous post-harvest practices of upland rice farmers in Cateel, Davao Oriental. The research aimed to determine the respondents’ socio-demographic, socio-economic, and psychosocial characteristics, as well as their production practices, land conservation methods, and post-harvest technologies. A total of 32 respondents participated in the study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, including livelihood analysis, seasonal calendars, and flow diagrams. The respondents were primarily male, married, and engaged in farming as their main occupation. Upland rice cultivation served as their principal source of livelihood, supplemented by coconut farming, abaca production, coffee cultivation, and small-scale entrepreneurial activities. Most respondents owned the land they cultivated, although they generally earned low monthly incomes and had educational attainment limited to the elementary level. The study further revealed that indigenous post-harvest practices remain an important aspect of their farming system. Traditional storage facilities such as Kamarine, Limot, and Tambuang were commonly utilized, while natural materials including tanglad, katutis, sangig, and alingatong leaves, were used as seed preservatives. Farmers predominantly relied on organic fertilizers, selected seeds through traditional methods such as “yabyaban” or “taphan,” and used seeds saved from previous harvests. Although some traditional rituals have evolved due to cultural and religious influences, indigenous knowledge continues to guide farming practices. Women played a vital role in seed selection, preservation, and storage. Overall, respondents recognized land as their primary means of livelihood, survival, and cultural continuity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alingatong
  topic: keywords
subject: Kamarine
  topic: keywords
subject: Limot
  topic: keywords
subject: Mandaya
  topic: keywords
subject: Yabyaban
  topic: keywords
creator: Edezer P Lumtan
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 Edezer P. Lumtan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2005-12-19
publication date: 2005-12-19
starting page: 51
ending page: 68
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i3.604

Antifungal Potential of Different Weed Leachates for the Postharvest Control of Papaya Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum spp.
type: item
description: A wide variety of fungal pathogens cause postharvest diseases in papaya. Among these, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is considered one of the most destructive diseases, resulting in significant postharvest losses worldwide. Several plant extracts and leachates have been reported to possess antifungal activity against various fungal pathogens. This study evaluated the efficacy of Solanum torvum, Amaranthus viridis, and Lantana camara leachates in controlling anthracnose in ‘Solo’ papaya. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were arranged using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The in vitro test consisted of 11 treatments with 132 samples, while the in vivo test included six treatments with 54 samples. Results showed that all leachates at 5% concentration inhibited the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum spp. under in vitro conditions. In vivo, A. viridis recorded the lowest disease severity (47.08%), followed by S. torvum (65.37%) and L. camara (73.06%). Significant differences among treatments were observed for disease severity, visual quality, and degree of shriveling at 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that A. viridis leachate has promising potential as a natural alternative for the postharvest management of papaya anthracnose by reducing disease development and maintaining postharvest fruit quality. Further studies are recommended to identify the active antifungal compounds, determine their mode of action, and evaluate the effectiveness of the leachates using larger sample sizes under semi-commercial and commercial postharvest storage conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antifungal activity
  topic: keywords
subject: botanicals
  topic: keywords
subject: fruit shelf-life
  topic: keywords
subject: leachates
  topic: keywords
subject: poison food technique
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Jesa M Ocho
creator: Jeric C Biol
creator: Roel Z Rementizo
creator: Merlina H Juruena
creator: Sheryl S Bayang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Jesa M. Ocho, Jeric C. Biol, Roel Z. Rementizo, Merlina H. Juruena, Sheryl S. Bayang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 13
ending page: 21
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i3.603

Life History and Predatory Behavior of Euborellia annulata (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) on Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus)
type: item
description: This paper reports the life history of Euborellia annulata (Fabricius) and its predatory behavior against the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% RH). Ten second generation adult pairs of E. annulata were allowed to mate, oviposit, and complete their development while feeding exclusively on P. marginatus. The setup was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three biological replicates. Results indicate that mating to oviposition occurred after a short pre-oviposition period of 5.46 days, while egg incubation was completed approximately 6-8 days. E. annulata underwent four nymphal instars before reaching adulthood. The first lasted 7.20 days, while the second instar lasted 5.73 days. Third required 8.07 days before transitioning to the fourth and final nymphal stage. The fourth exhibited the longest developmental duration of 9.20 days. Adults were characterized by a smooth, glossy black exoskeleton. Sexual dimorphism was evident through differences in cercal morphology. Predation involved prey assessment and repeated attempts at attack before successful capture and consumption. An individual earwig required 30–40 minutes to consume a single mealybug nymph. This, however, suggests relatively high prey-handling costs which might be associated with overcoming the waxy defenses of P. marginatus. Although the predator readily accepted and consumed the mealybug, prolonged handling time may constrain its maximum predation rate under high pest densities. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional response, habitat overlap with arboreal pests, and field-level efficacy within integrated pest management programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological control
  topic: keywords
subject: earwig
  topic: keywords
subject: insect pest management
  topic: keywords
subject: insect predator
  topic: keywords
subject: predator-prey interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Karl Fritze S Sampiano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karl Fritze S. Sampiano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 6
ending page: 12
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i3.599

Effect of a Structuralist-Based Geometry Instructional Approach on the Mathematical Literacy of Grade 9 Students
type: item
description: This research note was conducted to determine the effects of a structuralist-based geometry instructional approach on the mathematical literacy of Grade 9 public junior high school students. Mathematical literacy remains a recurring issue among junior high school students, especially in geometry, as learners find it difficult to reason mathematically, represent mathematical information, and solve mathematical problems. The structuralist-based intervention was based on Structural Learning Theory, which focused on recognizing patterns, connecting concepts, visualizing mathematical ideas, and using manipulatives to increase comprehension of geometric concepts. This investigation used a quantitative pre-experimental research design involving a one-group pretest–posttest method. The respondents were 40 Grade 9 students from a public junior high school in Nabunturan, Davao de Oro, chosen using purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and a paired samples t-test were used. Findings revealed that students’ mathematical literacy improved from a low level during the pretest (M = 37.73, SD = 3.99) to a high level during the posttest (M = 57.18, SD = 8.91). Statistical analysis further revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores, t (39) = -13.079, p < .001, indicating that students performed significantly better after exposure to the structuralist-based instructional approach. The computed effect size (d = 2.07) indicated an extremely large educational effect. The findings suggest that integrating structuralist-based instructional strategies may enhance students’ mathematical literacy in geometry through meaningful conceptual engagement and structured learning experiences.
subject: Research Note
  topic: section
subject: Geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: mathematical literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: pretest
  topic: keywords
subject: posttest
  topic: keywords
subject: structuralist-based geometry
  topic: keywords
creator: Hannah Mae T Camposo
creator: Arrel Jay B Velez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hannah Mae T. Camposo, Arrel Jay B. Velez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-26
publication date: 2026-06-26
starting page: 109
ending page: 112
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.595

LDPE Biodegradation Potential of Landfill-Derived Myrothecium sp. Strain Gavilo–Nemenzo (FS3) from Davao Oriental, Philippines
type: item
description: Plastic pollution remains a major environmental concern because of its persistence and resistance to natural degradation. This study aimed to isolate and characterize microorganisms associated with degraded LDPE plastic litter collected from the sanitary landfill in Davao Oriental, Philippines, and evaluate their potential for LDPE biodegradation. Microbial isolation from degraded LDPE samples yielded ten isolates, comprising five bacterial (BS1–BS5) and five fungal (FS1–FS5) strains. Morphological characterization was performed through observation of colony morphology and microscopic features of the recovered isolates. Screening assays identified fungal isolate FS3 as the most efficient LDPE degrader, causing surface roughening, thinning, deformation, fragmentation, and extensive fungal colonization of the plastic substrate. Stereomicroscopic and SEM analyses revealed dense fungal colonization and penetration of the LDPE surface, accompanied by extensive deterioration compared with uninoculated controls. Molecular characterization through Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing identified isolate FS3 as Myrothecium sp., exhibiting 100% sequence identity with Myrothecium sp. strain Wt303, and the isolate was consequently designated Myrothecium sp. strain Gavilo–Nemenzo (FS3). Future multilocus phylogenetic and morphological investigations will evaluate its taxonomic status and may support the proposal of the reserved species name Myrothecium gavilonemenzorum sp. nov. if warranted by the evidence. The isolate demonstrated LDPE biodegradation activity and polymer surface deterioration, highlighting its potential as a biological agent for plastic waste remediation. These findings demonstrate that sanitary landfill environments harbor microorganisms with plastic-degrading capabilities and support the potential application of Myrothecium sp. strain Gavilo-Nemenzo (FS3) in sustainable waste management, environmental biotechnology, and taxonomic investigations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodegradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Myrothecium sp.
  topic: keywords
subject: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
  topic: keywords
subject: plastic pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: sanitary landfill
  topic: keywords
creator: Eunice M Gavilo
creator: Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eunice M. Gavilo, Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 97
ending page: 108
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.587

Green Extraction and Sustainability Assessment of Total Carotenoids from Carrot (Daucus Carota) Peel Waste using Soybean Oil
type: item
description: The environmental and health impacts of organic solvent extraction for carotenoid recovery highlight the need for a greener, more sustainable process. This study investigates the use of soybean oil as a green, environmentally friendly alternative for recovering carotenoids from carrot (Daucus carota) peels, offering a zero-waste approach to conventional, often toxic organic solvents. A two-factor, three-level full factorial experimental design was employed to evaluate and optimize the temperature (30, 45, and 60 °C) and the liquid-solid (L/S) ratio (20, 30, and 40 mL:g). In addition, Total Carotenoid Content (TCC) was quantified with UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses showed that the L/S ratio primarily drove extraction efficiency (p < 0.01), thereby improving mass transfer and matrix penetration. Temperature (p < 0.01) and its interactions with the L/S ratio (p < 0.01) also significantly enhanced cell wall permeability. The model was reduced, as quadratic terms were insignificant (p > 0.05). The optimal predicted conditions of the reduced model yielded 77.49 ± 13.13µg β-carotene/g of dried peel at a 40 L/S ratio and 30 °C, with validation runs yielding 76.04 ± 3.71 13µg β-carotene/g of dried peel. A final score of 0.59 based on the Path2Green sustainability metrics suggests that the carotenoid extraction process is eco-friendly and low-impact, especially high (+1.00) in biomass utilization, post-treatment, scaling, transport, waste, purification, application, and the use of eco-friendly solvents. These findings demonstrate that soybean oil is an effective and sustainable solvent alternative for carotenoid recovery, offering a practical option for greener industrial processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carotenoids
  topic: keywords
subject: carrot peels
  topic: keywords
subject: full factorial
  topic: keywords
subject: soybean oil
  topic: keywords
subject: green extraction
  topic: keywords
creator: Hans Cedric F Palero
creator: Heleina Melissa I Bobadilla
creator: Paolo Santino B Ramiso
creator: Cynthia F. Madrazo
creator: John Ray C. Estrellado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hans Cedric F. Palero, Heleina Melissa I. Bobadilla, Paolo Santino B. Ramiso, Cynthia F. Madrazo, John Ray C. Estrellado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 85
ending page: 96
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.575

Automation of Vehicle Entry and Exit at Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
type: item
description: The main objective of the study was to develop an automated vehicle entry and exit program in the main gate of Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology. It can automate the existing vehicle entrance and exits operation with the use of a microcomputer, sensors, and a stand-alone program. It follows the Waterfall Model methodology of software engineering. The study provided a distinctive identity in classifying the authorized and non-authorized vehicles. It also has a visual application that displays the timed entry and exit of the school's faculty, staff, and currently enrolled students. The program also computes the total number of hours spent by the faculty and staff inside the campus, which is an aid for monitoring their time of duty in the college. The system can also provide an interactive button for manual opening and closing of the gate for those non-authorized vehicles The study can provide the college an alternative system that is sophisticated in controlling and managing the entry and exit of vehicle in the campus. The college can have a reliable automated system that will work for 24 hours a day.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Automation
  topic: keywords
subject: entry
  topic: keywords
subject: microcomputer
  topic: keywords
subject: sensors
  topic: keywords
subject: Vehicle
  topic: keywords
creator: Airene L Felisilda
creator: Aldrin A Narisma
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 Airene L. Felisilda, Aldrin A. Narisma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2005-12-17
publication date: 2005-12-17
starting page: 37
ending page: 50
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i3.573

Basic Statistical Ecology Software
type: item
description: Information technology plays a vital part in various studies in the field of ecology. It opens the way for more concise and more accurate results for ecological research and reduces effort, especially in the manipulation of data. In Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology, ecologists seek assistance from statisticians for their studies. However, some of these statisticians manually compute their data, which often leads to a waste of time, effort, and resources. This software is designed to be user-friendly. It was developed in a Visual Basic environment, which provides a fast and easy way to calculate basic statistical operations. It has a Graphical User Interface which allows users to just click the desired commands instead of typing command lines. The software first requires the user to define the name of the species, station name, and quadrats used in their study. Then a table is filled with raw data gathered from his study. The list of ecological raw data will then be the basis for calculations. The software automatically calculates basic statistical operations that include summary statistics, spatial pattern indices, diversity indices, and correlation. The development of this software follows the prototyping method that involves the use of interactive prototypes that can be replaced or altered after receiving feedback from evaluations of the clients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecological
  topic: keywords
subject: Graphical user interface
  topic: keywords
subject: Information technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Quadrats
  topic: keywords
subject: Statistician
  topic: keywords
creator: Lorelyn L Abrea
creator: Ronedez Jann M Mejia
creator: Leo F Polutan
creator: Roy G Ponce
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 Lorelyn L. Abrea, Ronedez Jann M. Mejia, Leo F. Polutan, Roy G. Ponce https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2005-12-17
publication date: 2005-12-17
starting page: 23
ending page: 36
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i3.572

Record-Keeping in Small-scale Aquaculture: Perceptions and Challenges
type: item
description: Record-keeping is a critical management tool in aquaculture, but such record-keeping practices among fish farmers in Ghana remain inconsistent. The study aimed to examine the status, perceptions, and challenges of record-keeping. Structured questionnaires were administered to 120 respondents in the northern and southern parts of the Bono region, Ghana. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the importance and challenges of record keeping using the SPSS statistical tool. Results showed that, though fish farmers in both southern (Sr) and northern (Nr) sampling locations had high perception (Mean score > 4.13) about record keeping for profitability, decision-making, and access to financial support, only a few (Nr = 31 %; Sr = 47 %) regularly kept records. Paper notebooks were the dominant format for record keeping among the respondents (Nr = 100 %; Sr = 73 %), while digital methods such as spreadsheets were rarely adopted. Illiteracy (Nr = 50 %; Sr = 60 %) and the time factor (Nr = 30 %; Sr = 30 %) were the key challenges confronting record keeping among fish farmers. Training on record keeping, age, and years of experience were key factors that positively influenced record-keeping behavior among fish farmers in Ghana. Based on the findings, continuous training by extension officers, awareness and user-friendly digital tools are recommended to strengthen record-keeping practices and promote sustainable aquaculture growth in Ghana.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Small-scale fish farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: record keeping
  topic: keywords
subject: training
  topic: keywords
subject: extension services
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel K.K Amponsah
creator: Peter A Aduko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel K.K. Amponsah, Peter A. Aduko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-19
publication date: 2026-06-19
starting page: 77
ending page: 84
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.569

Police Self-Image in Relation to Public Trust in the Second Congressional District of Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Public trust in law enforcement is a complex issue shaped by individual perspectives and social dynamics. This study aims to gain an understanding of the Police Self-Image in Relation to Public Trust among police officers assigned in the second congressional district of Davao Oriental, using a community-based survey of 358 respondents. This study uses a quantitative, descriptive-correlational research method to: first, identify the levels of police self-image and public trust; second, explore the existing relationship between police self-image and public trust; and third, test the existing influence of police self-image on public trust. Results reveal that Police self-image is very high, as is Public Trust. The correlation test found a significant, strong positive correlation between police self-image and public trust. Also, it exerted a significant influence on police self-image and public trust. The R-squared value indicated that 41.4% of the variance in public trust is significantly influenced by police image. This study concludes that police self-image is a strong and significant predictor of public trust, amplifying 41.4% of its variance. A very high police self-image aligns with high public trust, validating their positive relationship. Law enforcement agencies ought to institutionalize programs that reinforce police professional identity, ethical standards, and community engagement, as police self-image statistically significantly influences public trust. Regular community discussions and a feedback system should also be applied. Additionally, subsequent initiatives should explore additional determinants of trust, as 58.6% of its variance remains unexplained.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Davao Oriental
  topic: keywords
subject: Police
  topic: keywords
subject: Public
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative
  topic: keywords
creator: Jenet Grace Fuentes
creator: Steve Bryan B Simbrano
creator: Micaela Abigail Picar
creator: Joie Jean P Aranas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jenet Grace Fuentes, Steve Bryan B. Simbrano, Micaela Abigail Picar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-17
publication date: 2026-06-17
starting page: 68
ending page: 76
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.561

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA-AHP) for Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping and Urban Sprawl Assessment in the City of Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines
type: item
description: Flooding and landslides pose persistent and compounding risks in the City of Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines, where rapid urban expansion increasingly intersects with hazard-prone landscapes. This study applied a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis integrated with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (MCDA-AHP) to generate spatially explicit flood and landslide susceptibility maps and examine their interaction with urban sprawl from 2017 to 2024. Flood susceptibility was modelled using slope, elevation, rainfall, land use/land cover, and topographic wetness index, while landslide susceptibility incorporated slope, rainfall, soil type, erodibility, clay content, and land cover. Weighted overlay analysis produced composite hazard maps that were subsequently integrated with urban growth data. Results indicate that approximately 2,458.66 hectares are highly susceptible to flooding, primarily in low-lying coastal barangays, while 10,267.15 hectares are highly prone to landslides in steep upland areas. Urban expansion increased from 1,864.21 hectares in 2017 to 3,181.88 hectares in 2024, with significant encroachment into high-risk zones. This spatial convergence of hazards and development intensifies exposure, particularly in densely populated and rapidly developing communities. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of GIS-based MCDA-AHP as a decision-support tool for multi-hazard assessment and highlights the urgent need for risk-informed land-use planning. Integrating hazard-susceptibility maps into local policies, zoning regulations, and infrastructure planning is critical to minimizing disaster impacts and guiding sustainable urban development. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity in hazard-prone coastal and upland environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Flood susceptibility
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS-based MCDA-AHP
  topic: keywords
subject: landslide susceptibility
  topic: keywords
subject: urban sprawl
  topic: keywords
subject: weighted overlay analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramil L Ramos
creator: Jonathan S Cabrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ramil L. Ramos, Jonathan S. Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 56
ending page: 67
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.555

Roles of Various Family Member in Abaca Production in Baganga, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Women play a vital yet often underrecognized role in the rural economies of developing countries, particularly in agriculture, which is traditionally viewed as a male-dominated field. This study focused on gender roles in abaca farming, aiming to analyze how family members—husbands, wives, and children—contribute to production and the household economy. This study was conducted in Barangay Mikit and Barangay Campawan in Baganga, Davao Oriental. The research involved 42 abaca farmers selected based on their livelihood. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire translated into the local language. The respondents ranged in age from 18 to 62, with the largest group between 34 and 41 years old. Households had slightly more males (54%) than females (46%). Educational attainment was generally low, with 67% having only elementary education, reflecting limited financial capacity and access to schooling. Most respondents (95%) owned their homes, and 29% cultivated 5–6 hectares of land, often inherited. Labor in abaca farming was divided among family members. Husbands take primary responsibility for planting and harvesting due to the physical demands of these tasks. Wives assisted mainly in maintaining the farm, such as clearing weeds, while children provided additional support when needed. Marketing activities involve minimal participation from wives and children. Overall, the study highlights that although men dominate key farming tasks, the contributions of women and children were significant and essential. Their involvement supports productivity and strengthens the family’s economic stability, emphasizing the need for greater recognition of their roles in abaca farming.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abaca
  topic: keywords
subject: Baganga
  topic: keywords
subject: gender
  topic: keywords
subject: PhilFIDA
  topic: keywords
subject: textile Industry
  topic: keywords
creator: Genevieve S Espada
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 Genevieve Saypan Espada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-12-12
publication date: 2018-12-12
starting page: 92
ending page: 105
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i2.553

Quantitative Analysis of Soil, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in the Mango Farm of MEFCO, Mati City, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: The study was conducted at the Mango Farm of MEFCO to determine the concentrations of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and the two specific environmental parameters, soil temperature and soil moisture. This was conducted from December 2002 to January 2003. Quantitative analysis of soil nitrogen was determined using Wilde’s Colorimetric Method, soil phosphorus using Modified Olsen Method, and soil potassium using Warm H₂SO₄ Extraction. Moisture content was determined using the percent moisture calculation, and soil temperature was measured with a thermometer. Results showed that the mean available soil nitrogen concentration in the mango farm was 300 ppm. Soil phosphorus concentration ranged from as low as 1 ppm (Stations 1,2 and 3) to as high as 20 ppm (Station 5). The average available phosphorus concentration in the mango farm was 5.6 ppm. Soil potassium concentration in the mango farm was 444 ppm. Soil temperature in the mango farm of MEFCO ranges from 25.4 °C (Station 1) to 26.6°C (Station 2). Average soil temperature was found to be 26.08 °C. Soil moisture content ranges from 1.02 % to 1.04 %, with a mean of 1.03 % Result of the 1-Test for physicochemical parameters, as compared with desirable values and soil sufficiency level, was highly significant. This means that the parameters were found to be lower than the desirable and sufficient value. Environmental parameters, as compared to soil sufficiency and desirable levels, were also highly significant.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrogen
  topic: keywords
subject: Phosphorus
  topic: keywords
subject: Potassium
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative
  topic: keywords
creator: Tediolin C Ato
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 Tediolin C. Ato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2004-12-08
publication date: 2004-12-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i2.552

Linking Environmental Factors to Phenolic Concentrations in Seagrasses of Silliman Beach and Olympia Island, Negros Oriental
type: item
description: Seagrass meadows are essential in sustaining marine biodiversity, supporting fisheries, and protecting shorelines. Despite their importance, seagrasses are increasingly exposed to multiple stressors, including sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, pollution, and coastal development. These pressures can trigger biochemical responses such as the accumulation of phenolic compounds. In this study, phenolic concentrations in seagrasses were quantified, and the environmental factors influencing their concentration were identified. Seagrass samples were collected from Silliman Beach (Dumaguete City) and Olympia Island (Bais City), Philippines. Phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Water quality parameters were monitored twice monthly from July 2024 to April 2025, and sediment nutrient analyses were conducted monthly. Results revealed lower phenolic concentrations in the seagrasses at Olympia Island (5.24 to 26.50 mg TAE/g) than at Silliman Beach (6.82 to 50.5 mg TAE/g). Syringodium isoetifolium exhibited the highest phenolic concentration at Silliman Beach, followed by Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halodule pinifolia. Enhalus acoroides showed the lowest concentrations in both Silliman Beach and Olympia Island. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that phosphorus primarily influenced phenolic accumulation in Syringodium isoetifolium. In other seagrass species, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and nutrients correlated with the phenolic concentrations. Increased phenolic production in seagrasses reflects adaptive stress responses and resource allocation toward defense. Therefore, phenolic levels should be incorporated as a biomarker to monitor ecosystem health and guide conservation strategies in Philippine seagrass habitats.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Negros Oriental
  topic: keywords
subject: phenolics
  topic: keywords
subject: seagrass
  topic: keywords
subject: stress bioindicator
  topic: keywords
creator: Rica D Bantoto
creator: TJ G Alcala
creator: Levi Shane C Montano
creator: Venus B Kinamot
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rica D. Bantoto, TJ G. Alcala, Levi Shane C. Montano, Venus B. Kinamot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 47
ending page: 55
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.548

Pusit (Squid) Chicharon as an Enterprise Development Project
type: item
description: This enterprise development project on pusit chicharon is an academic study that focuses on determining the feasibility of the new product in Barangay Central, City of Mati, Davao Oriental. Pusit Chicharon is a product that could serve as an additional source of income for fisherfolk, women, and entrepreneurs in the locality. This product also aimed to provide employment to the community and to understand the impact on the customer of the new product. For every 1 kg of dried pusit, it produces 40 packs of 25 g of pusit chicharon. Therefore, to produce 200 packs at 25 g per pack per operation, it needs 25 kg of fresh pusit, which is equivalent to 5 kg of dried pusit. The shelf life of the product is about 14 – 16 days for human consumption at a room temperature of 30 oC. To achieve the desired volume of the product, it is best to operate 4 times a week. The volume of production is 200 packs per operation, and produced for about 38,400 packs annually. The initial annual return on investment has 110%, a unit variable cost of Php 14.70 per 25 g packs, a net profit margin of 32%, and 9,477 packs of break – even volume of production. Therefore, it is profitable to produce Pusit Chicharon in the locality since it has a higher potential return on investment, and the price is acceptable in the market. Hence, processing of Pusit Chicharon is a feasible business.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Enterprise Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitable
  topic: keywords
subject: Return on Investment
  topic: keywords
subject: Pusit Chicharon
  topic: keywords
creator: Mary Joy Antolin Pacatang
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 Mary Joy Antolin Pacatang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2017-12-28
publication date: 2017-12-28
starting page: 120
ending page: 130
doi: 10.59120/drj.v11i3.537

Design and Construction of Motorcycle Telescopic Oil Seal Remover with Installer
type: item
description: This study, entitled “Design and Construction of Motorcycle Telescopic Oil Seal Remover with Installer,” is a device to assist the technician in safely, comfortably, and efficiently servicing the motorcycle telescopic. This study was conducted to determine the essential components of the gadget in terms of supplies, tools, and equipment to be used. To determine the production cost of the study in terms of materials cost and labor. To determine also the function and limitation of the tool in terms of capacity, longevity, and to identify its functionality, cost effectiveness, aesthetics, and design. This device is composed of a frame, a telescopic holder, an oil seal remover, and an installer, which makes the whole system functional. The questionnaires were distributed and answered by the 60 respondents, composed of 50 BITM students and 10 experts. The findings show that the materials and supplies used in fabricating the said project were made up of affordable materials. The total cost of the gadget is Php 11,105.00. It took 43 hours to make this tool. The device was found to be very functional, attractive, and affordable, based on the combined assessment of the expert and the students. Based on the findings and results, the fabrication of the project is technically feasible and could be produced locally. It helps technicians to easily remove and install the motorcycle telescopic oil seal remover with an installer. Thus, the study should be conducted to improve the design and efficiency of the complete project.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Construction
  topic: keywords
subject: Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Motorcycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Seal
  topic: keywords
subject: Telescopic
  topic: keywords
creator: Bernel T Lanus
creator: Jeffrey M Moanag
creator: Renie P Bancale
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Bernel T. Lanus, Jeffrey M. Moanag, Renie P. Bancale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-12-28
publication date: 2018-12-28
starting page: 74
ending page: 91
doi: 10.59120/drj.v12i1.536

Molecular and Histopathological Detection of Vibrio harveyi Associated with Mortality in Asian Sea Bass Cultured in Sri Lanka
type: item
description: Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), commonly known as barramundi, is an economically important food fish inhabiting coastal and brackish waters. In Sri Lanka, demand for commercial and recreational fishing has increased due to its mild flavor and culinary versatility. However, disease outbreaks pose significant challenges to aquaculture production, particularly in cage culture systems. This study investigated the causative agent of mass mortality events in Asian sea bass farms in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Fish exhibiting clinical signs, including skin ulcers, fin rot, exophthalmia, and lethargy, were collected for examination. Samples from the kidney, liver, and spleen were cultured on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar at 37 °C for 24-48 hr. Isolates produced small to medium, round, convex colonies on TSA and green colonies on TCBS. Biochemical characterization revealed Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, motile rods that fermented glucose without gas production. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction confirmed the pathogen as Vibrio harveyi with 99.44% similarity to strain CP014038.2. The sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession number OR351233). Histopathological examination revealed tubular injury, necrotic epithelial cells, and macrophage-lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney tissues. This study confirms that Vibrio harveyi is strongly associated with Vibriosis, causing mass mortality in Asian sea bass cage culture in Trincomalee. These findings provide essential baseline data for developing effective disease prevention and control strategies in Sri Lankan aquaculture systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aquaculture disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer)
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular identification
  topic: keywords
subject: Vibrio harveyi
  topic: keywords
subject: Vibriosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sakajamary Velichor
creator: Mohamed Naleem Mohamed Fouzi
creator: Samanthika Jagoda
creator: Rasika Jinadasa
creator: Muneeb Mohamed Musthafa
creator: Faiz Mohideen Mohamed Thassim Marikar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sakajamary Velichor, Mohamed Naleem Mohamed Fouzi, Samanthika Jagoda, Rasika Jinadasa, Muneeb Mohamed Musthafa, Faiz Mohideen Mohamed Thassim Marikar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-10
publication date: 2026-06-10
starting page: 36
ending page: 46
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.535

Math Avoidance and Psychological Difficulties in Relation to Number Sense: A Structural Equation Model
type: item
description: Weak number sense persists into tertiary education and is often associated with math avoidance and psychological difficulties that hinder students’ engagement and performance in mathematics. While prior studies have examined constructs such as math anxiety, self-efficacy, and achievement independently, limited research has explored the structural relationships among math avoidance, psychological difficulties, and number sense simultaneously, particularly at the college level. Moreover, the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze these constructs as latent variables within a unified framework remains limited, resulting in an incomplete understanding of how affective factors interact with numerical proficiency among students with recent mathematical learning experiences. To address this gap, this study examined the structural relationships among math avoidance, psychological difficulties, and number sense among first- and second-year college students. A correlational quantitative research design was employed, involving 214 participants selected through purposive sampling and enrolled in mathematics-related courses. Data were collected through validated instruments administered via Google Forms. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and SEM were utilized to analyze the data. Results revealed moderate levels of math avoidance, psychological difficulties, and number sense. Math avoidance was significantly and positively related to psychological difficulties and negatively associated with number sense, while psychological difficulties showed no significant relationship with number sense. The SEM results indicated excellent model fit, supporting the proposed framework. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing math avoidance through targeted interventions that enhance confidence, reduce anxiety, and promote active engagement in learning mathematics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Math avoidance
  topic: keywords
subject: number sense
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological difficulties
  topic: keywords
subject: structural equation model
  topic: keywords
subject: tertiary students
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Claire M. Caberos
creator: Rholey R Picaza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Christine Claire M. Caberos, Rholey R. Picaza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-08
publication date: 2026-06-08
starting page: 24
ending page: 35
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.532

Professional Experience and Personal Circumstances as Determinants of Science Teacher Preparedness in Lupon District, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Science teachers play a critical role in ensuring effective classroom instruction, particularly in rural and resource-limited settings where instructional challenges persist. This study aimed to assess the level of preparedness of public secondary science teachers in the Lupon East and Lupon West Districts, Division of Davao Oriental, and to determine whether significant differences in preparedness exist across groups defined by selected demographic variables. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study examined teacher preparedness in terms of attitude toward preparation, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control using a quantitative descriptive research design. A total of 52 science teachers were included through total enumeration, and data were collected using a validated survey questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance. The results revealed a very high level of preparedness among science teachers across all three dimensions, with attitude toward preparation obtaining the highest mean, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. No significant differences in preparedness were found across age, sex, and educational attainment groups. Significant differences were observed based on civil status and length of service, with single teachers and those with six to ten years of teaching experience demonstrating higher levels of preparedness. These findings suggest that science teacher preparedness is shaped more by professional experience and personal circumstances than by demographic or academic characteristics. The study concludes that contextualized professional development programs tailored to teachers’ career stages and rural teaching conditions are essential to sustaining and enhancing science instruction in Lupon District, Davao Oriental.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rural schools
  topic: keywords
subject: science education
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of planned behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher preparedness
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative descriptive research
  topic: keywords
creator: Mae A Repaso
creator: Gemma M Valdez
creator: Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mae A. Repaso, Gemma M. Valdez, Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 15
ending page: 23
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.525

Enhancing Food Diversification to Address Food Security among Fishermen in Davao Region, Philippines
type: item
description: Coastal fisheries are vital to the country’s economy and provide a livelihood for many households in the Philippines. The fishing sector is a vulnerable group and heavily reliant on fishing for its livelihood. However, the country faced environmental constraints and societal challenges. To feed the growing population, food security must be ensured and nutrition knowledge improved across the fisheries sector and the country. This study aimed to assess the food security status of local fisherfolk in the Davao region, describe the common food groups consumed by the fisherfolk, calculate the fisherfolk's food consumption score, and expand food assistance to fisherfolk with a low food consumption score. To achieve this, random sampling was employed using a semi-structured interview questionnaire. The Food Consumption Assessment Tool of WFP-FAO was used to analyze fishers' calorie intake across selected coastal cities and municipalities in the Davao region. The results revealed that coastal households across all municipalities have excellent consumption of cereals, meat, and milk, suggesting frequent intake of a nutrient-dense diet. However, consumption of fruits, spices, and oils falls within the poor consumption range, indicating limited use and rare consumption of these food groups. Results show that a food policy is necessary to address food insecurity among coastal households. Food insecurity will likely decrease by promoting local goods, such as backyard-grown fresh produce or container gardening for direct consumption. Furthermore, to address these problems and improve the food security of fishing communities in the Davao Gulf, coordinated strategies that support sustainable fisheries, diversify revenue streams, and provide access to foods high in micronutrients are needed.
subject: Policy Brief
  topic: section
subject: Coastal fisheries
  topic: keywords
subject: calorie intake
  topic: keywords
subject: food consumption score
  topic: keywords
subject: food groups
  topic: keywords
subject: food security
  topic: keywords
subject: food diversification
  topic: keywords
creator: Arianne Kay O Liguez
creator: John Edward M Jimenez
creator: Michael Jeriel I Bersaldo
creator: Erna S Macusi
creator: Edison D Macusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arianne Kay O. Liguez, John Edward M. Jimenez, Michael Jeriel I. Bersaldo, Erna S. Macusi, Edison D. Macusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-03
publication date: 2026-06-03
starting page: 10
ending page: 14
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.523

Awareness and Perceptions on Reproductive Health Law Among Tausug in Magsaysay, Mati City, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Awareness and perceptions on Reproductive Health Law among Tausug in Magsaysay, Mati City, Davao Oriental were the main focus of this study. This used a qualitative, descriptive research design. Ethnographic methodology was also utilized in the study. The respondents were identified through snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling. A one-on-one interview and thematic analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. There were N=50 respondents identified. The respondents were 15-60 years old for males and 15-40 years old for females, either married or unmarried. As a result of the study, it was found that only 48% of Tausug who were aware of the Reproductive Health Law were male. According to the study, television was the most common source of their information. Their knowledge of the RH Law was limited to Family Planning and Contraceptives. Religion played a significant role in the acceptance of the RH Law. There were only 28% who were aware and willing to accept and follow the RH Law. The reason those 20% who did not accept and follow the RH Law cited was that it was against their religion; thus, there was a lack of awareness and misconceptions among the respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Contraceptives
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Reproductive
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah M Barabag
rights: Copyright (c) 2014 Abdullah M. Barabag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2014-12-18
publication date: 2014-12-18
starting page: 57
ending page: 74
doi: 10.59120/drj.v10i1.522

Gender Mapping of Abaca Farmers in Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines
type: item
description: This study was conducted to determine the socio-economic profiles of respondents, determine the participation of husband, wife and children in abaca production activities and determine the working conditions of wives and children relative to abaca production. The study was conducted in Barangay Campawan and Barangay Mikit, Baganga, Davao Oriental. Using a descriptive method of research, a rapid research design was employed wherein demographic and economic characteristic of all respondents in the two barangays were gathered. Analysis of data was also applied the frequency distribution and percentages. Results of the study showed that majority of respondents were males and between 34-41 years old. Most of them attained only elementary education and were married, professed Roman Catholic and spoke Mandaya. Majority owned 3- 4 hectares and only 1-2 hectares were planted with abaca. In terms of income, Abaca dominated among the crop production in the farm area. In Abaca production activities, husband had the most contribution from planting to marketing. Wives and children also assisted in the abaca production. The farm area was very far from the house of respondents. Most of the respondents went to the farm area from 4 am to 8 am and returned around 5 pm. The abaca farmers worked more than 8 hours a day. Husbands did not allow their wives to go to the farm area if not feeling well. Children stayed home to do household chores if their parents were working in the farm area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abaca production
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: planting
  topic: keywords
subject: production
  topic: keywords
creator: Jecel M Dolosa
creator: Lilibeth S Galvez
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Jecel M. Dolosa, Lilibeth S. Galvez, PhD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-12-12
publication date: 2018-12-12
starting page: 61
ending page: 73
doi: 10.59120/drj.v12i1.520

Lea Angsinco-Jimenez, Ph.D.: A Pioneer in Marine Science—Legacy and Impact
type: item
description: Dr. Lea Angsinco-Jimenez, a distinguished Filipino marine scientist, educator, and research administrator whose career spans more than four decades of service to marine science, coastal resource management, and higher education in the Philippines. She currently serves as Professor VI and Vice President for Research, Innovation, and Extension at Davao Oriental State University, where she has significantly contributed to advancing marine and coastal studies in the Davao Region. Her early exposure to the coastal ecosystems of Mati, Davao Oriental fostered a deep and enduring commitment to marine conservation. Dr. Jimenez began her professional career in aquaculture and fisheries research, working with the Southern Philippines Development Authority and the Mindanao State University–Institute of Fisheries Research and Development. These experiences strengthened her expertise in marine ecology, coral reef assessment, and field-based research. She later transitioned to academia, where she advanced through the ranks while pursuing higher education, earning a Master of Science in Marine Ecology from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and a Ph.D. in Higher Education. Her research covers coastal ecosystem management, mangrove rehabilitation, marine pollution, artificial reef development, and biodiversity conservation. She has led and collaborated on numerous projects funded by national and international agencies. As a research leader, she strengthened institutional programs and fostered partnerships with global organizations. A co-inventor of the patented Speedy Sea Scanner, she exemplifies innovation in marine monitoring. Widely recognized for her mentorship and community engagement, Dr. Jimenez’s legacy is defined by her contributions to science, institutional development, and environmental sustainability. Continuing influence beyond formal roles.
subject: Feature
  topic: section
subject: Coastal resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: dedication
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional contribution
  topic: keywords
subject: marine biology
  topic: keywords
subject: research
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivy M Nallos
creator: John Edward M Jimenez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ivy M. Nallos, John Edward M. Jimenez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 130
ending page: 133
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.521

Strengthening Resilience among Small-Scale Fishers in Coastal Communities in Davao Region
type: item
description: Small-scale fisheries are vital to food security and livelihoods in coastal communities, yet fishing households face multiple environmental, institutional, and livelihood-related risks. This study analyzes vulnerability levels and resilience capacities of fishers across selected municipalities in the Davao Gulf. Fieldwork interviews were conducted using indicators that measure the vulnerability and resilience of coastal communities. Vulnerability was low in Samal (0.15), Sta. Cruz (0), Carmen (0.1) & St. Maria (0.33). This indicates that they are not directly affected by climate hazards and other stressors, whereas other municipalities experienced moderate vulnerability. Resilience is low in Mabini (0), Pantukan (0.5), and Samal (0.15) due to age and health issues and the lack of alternative livelihoods, which require intervention from the government and other concerned agencies. Governor Generoso (0.73) and Sta. Maria (1.01) is a municipality with the highest level of resilience. It emphasizes that livelihood diversification, adaptive capacity and effective enforcement are present in the area. In contrast, others show moderate resilience. The findings highlight the need for integrated policies that address environmental management, institutional support, livelihood diversification, and nutrition to strengthen the resilience of coastal fishing communities.
subject: Policy Brief
  topic: section
subject: Climate risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Fisheries governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience index
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerability index
  topic: keywords
creator: John Edward M. Jimenez
creator: Arianne Kay O Liguez
creator: Michael Jeriel I Bersaldo
creator: Erna S Macusi
creator: Edison D Macusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 John Edward M. Jimenez, Arianne Kay O. Liguez, Michael Jeriel I. Bersaldo, Erna S. Macusi, Edison D. Macusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 6
ending page: 9
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.519