Davao Research Journal
type: channel
description: The Davao Research Journal is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that publishes research and developmental reports across various fields of study. It is the official journal of the Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU). The journal seeks contributions from other researchers and writers from various institutions, universities, and agencies, including foreign authors, who are welcome to submit their manuscripts.
publisher: Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU)
language: en
publication name: Davao Research Journal
issn: 2244-4432
copyright: DRJ is an open-access journal and the article's license is CC-BY-NC. This license allows others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build on the author's work, as long as they give credit to the original work. Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal/publisher non-exclusive publishing rights with the work simultaneously licensed under a https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
items: Molecular and Histopathological Detection of Vibrio harveyi Associated with Mortality in Asian Sea Bass Cultured in Sri Lanka
items: Math Avoidance and Psychological Difficulties in Relation to Number Sense: A Structural Equation Model
items: Professional Experience and Personal Circumstances as Determinants of Science Teacher Preparedness in Lupon District, Davao Oriental
items: Enhancing Food Diversification to Address Food Security among Fishermen in Davao Region, Philippines
items: Awareness and Perceptions on Reproductive Health Law Among Tausug in Magsaysay, Mati City, Davao Oriental
items: Gender Mapping of Abaca Farmers in Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines
items: Lea Angsinco-Jimenez, Ph.D.: A Pioneer in Marine Science—Legacy and Impact
items: Strengthening Resilience among Small-Scale Fishers in Coastal Communities in Davao Region
items: Perceptions, Causes, and Socioeconomic Effects of Drowning in Artisanal Fishing Communities
items: Contours of Conviction: Quantifying Identity Stability among Muslim Youth in Response to Contemporary Islamic Thought
items: Estimating the Health Production Function: A National-Level Study of Bangladesh
items: Gendered Division of Labor in Traditional Upland Rice Farming Systems in the Selected Municipalities of the Third Congressional District of Iloilo
items: Physical Activity Barriers and Holistic Wellness among Teacher Education Students
items: Levels of Awareness, Importance and Willingness to Engage in Agri-Tourism: In the case of Farm Owners and some Sectors in the Municipality of Manay
items: Assessing the Implementation and Outcomes of the Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) Empowerment Program of the 56th Infantry (TATAG) Battalion, 7th Infantry (KAUGNAY) Division, Philippine Army
items: Elevation-Driven Shifts in Species Diversity, Endemicity, and Vegetation Structure across the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Davao Oriental, Philippines
items: Microbial Assessment of Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology's (DOSCST) Water System Mati, Davao Oriental: A Basis for Management Intervention
items: Advantages of Restricted Caregiving on Work Behaviors of Digitally Fixated Children Ages 2–5 in Cavite
items: Performance of TALABLOCKS: Cement Hollow Block with Ostreidei Shell additive
items: Growth And Survival of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) Fed with Seaweeds under Cage Condition in Guang-Guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental
items: Quality, Utilization and Management of Groundwater in Barangay Badas, Mati, Davao Oriental
items: Media Exposure and Social Awareness of selected Residents in Mati City, Davao Oriental
items: Technology-Integrated Problem-Based Learning in Mathematics Education: A Scoping Review of Technological Trajectories, Pedagogy, Learning, and Challenges
items: Understanding Verbal Bullying in Meranaw: A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Guidance Office Narratives
items: Assessing Regional Risks and Policy Responses to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasion in Davao Region
items: Comparative Assessment of CCTV Implementation in Government and Private Places in the Province of Capiz, Philippines
items: DOSCST Automated State College Admission and Scholarship Test
items: The Influence of Entrepreneurial Management on Cooperative Performance of Multipurpose Cooperatives in Davao Oriental, Philippines
items: Richness and Abundance of Tree Species in the Bonsai Field, Mount Hamiguitan, San Isidro, Davao Oriental
items: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Utilization as a Mediator Between Students’ Study Attitude and Mathematics Achievement

Molecular and Histopathological Detection of Vibrio harveyi Associated with Mortality in Asian Sea Bass Cultured in Sri Lanka
type: item
description: Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), commonly known as barramundi, is an economically important food fish inhabiting coastal and brackish waters. In Sri Lanka, demand for commercial and recreational fishing has increased due to its mild flavor and culinary versatility. However, disease outbreaks pose significant challenges to aquaculture production, particularly in cage culture systems. This study investigated the causative agent of mass mortality events in Asian sea bass farms in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Fish exhibiting clinical signs, including skin ulcers, fin rot, exophthalmia, and lethargy, were collected for examination. Samples from the kidney, liver, and spleen were cultured on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar at 37 °C for 24-48 hr. Isolates produced small to medium, round, convex colonies on TSA and green colonies on TCBS. Biochemical characterization revealed Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, motile rods that fermented glucose without gas production. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction confirmed the pathogen as Vibrio harveyi with 99.44% similarity to strain CP014038.2. The sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession number OR351233). Histopathological examination revealed tubular injury, necrotic epithelial cells, and macrophage-lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney tissues. This study confirms that Vibrio harveyi is strongly associated with Vibriosis, causing mass mortality in Asian sea bass cage culture in Trincomalee. These findings provide essential baseline data for developing effective disease prevention and control strategies in Sri Lankan aquaculture systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aquaculture disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer)
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular identification
  topic: keywords
subject: Vibrio harveyi
  topic: keywords
subject: Vibriosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sakajamary Velichor
creator: Mohamed Naleem Mohamed Fouzi
creator: Samanthika Jagoda
creator: Rasika Jinadasa
creator: Muneeb Mohamed Musthafa
creator: Faiz Mohideen Mohamed Thassim Marikar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sakajamary Velichor, Mohamed Naleem Mohamed Fouzi, Samanthika Jagoda, Rasika Jinadasa, Muneeb Mohamed Musthafa, Faiz Mohideen Mohamed Thassim Marikar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
starting page: 36
ending page: 46
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.535

Math Avoidance and Psychological Difficulties in Relation to Number Sense: A Structural Equation Model
type: item
description: Weak number sense persists into tertiary education and is often associated with math avoidance and psychological difficulties that hinder students’ engagement and performance in mathematics. While prior studies have examined constructs such as math anxiety, self-efficacy, and achievement independently, limited research has explored the structural relationships among math avoidance, psychological difficulties, and number sense simultaneously, particularly at the college level. Moreover, the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze these constructs as latent variables within a unified framework remains limited, resulting in an incomplete understanding of how affective factors interact with numerical proficiency among students with recent mathematical learning experiences. To address this gap, this study examined the structural relationships among math avoidance, psychological difficulties, and number sense among first- and second-year college students. A correlational quantitative research design was employed, involving 214 participants selected through purposive sampling and enrolled in mathematics-related courses. Data were collected through validated instruments administered via Google Forms. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and SEM were utilized to analyze the data. Results revealed moderate levels of math avoidance, psychological difficulties, and number sense. Math avoidance was significantly and positively related to psychological difficulties and negatively associated with number sense, while psychological difficulties showed no significant relationship with number sense. The SEM results indicated excellent model fit, supporting the proposed framework. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing math avoidance through targeted interventions that enhance confidence, reduce anxiety, and promote active engagement in learning mathematics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Math avoidance
  topic: keywords
subject: number sense
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological difficulties
  topic: keywords
subject: structural equation model
  topic: keywords
subject: tertiary students
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Claire M. Caberos
creator: Rholey R Picaza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Christine Claire M. Caberos, Rholey R. Picaza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
starting page: 24
ending page: 35
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.532

Professional Experience and Personal Circumstances as Determinants of Science Teacher Preparedness in Lupon District, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Science teachers play a critical role in ensuring effective classroom instruction, particularly in rural and resource-limited settings where instructional challenges persist. This study aimed to assess the level of preparedness of public secondary science teachers in the Lupon East and Lupon West Districts, Division of Davao Oriental, and to determine whether significant differences in preparedness exist across groups defined by selected demographic variables. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study examined teacher preparedness in terms of attitude toward preparation, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control using a quantitative descriptive research design. A total of 52 science teachers were included through total enumeration, and data were collected using a validated survey questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance. The results revealed a very high level of preparedness among science teachers across all three dimensions, with attitude toward preparation obtaining the highest mean, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. No significant differences in preparedness were found across age, sex, and educational attainment groups. Significant differences were observed based on civil status and length of service, with single teachers and those with six to ten years of teaching experience demonstrating higher levels of preparedness. These findings suggest that science teacher preparedness is shaped more by professional experience and personal circumstances than by demographic or academic characteristics. The study concludes that contextualized professional development programs tailored to teachers’ career stages and rural teaching conditions are essential to sustaining and enhancing science instruction in Lupon District, Davao Oriental.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rural schools
  topic: keywords
subject: science education
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of planned behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher preparedness
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative descriptive research
  topic: keywords
creator: Mae A Repaso
creator: Gemma M Valdez
creator: Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mae A. Repaso, Gemma M. Valdez, Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
starting page: 15
ending page: 23
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.525

Enhancing Food Diversification to Address Food Security among Fishermen in Davao Region, Philippines
type: item
description: Coastal fisheries are vital to the country’s economy and provide a livelihood for many households in the Philippines. The fishing sector is a vulnerable group and heavily reliant on fishing for its livelihood. However, the country faced environmental constraints and societal challenges. To feed the growing population, food security must be ensured and nutrition knowledge improved across the fisheries sector and the country. This study aimed to assess the food security status of local fisherfolk in the Davao region, describe the common food groups consumed by the fisherfolk, calculate the fisherfolk's food consumption score, and expand food assistance to fisherfolk with a low food consumption score. To achieve this, random sampling was employed using a semi-structured interview questionnaire. The Food Consumption Assessment Tool of WFP-FAO was used to analyze fishers' calorie intake across selected coastal cities and municipalities in the Davao region. The results revealed that coastal households across all municipalities have excellent consumption of cereals, meat, and milk, suggesting frequent intake of a nutrient-dense diet. However, consumption of fruits, spices, and oils falls within the poor consumption range, indicating limited use and rare consumption of these food groups. Results show that a food policy is necessary to address food insecurity among coastal households. Food insecurity will likely decrease by promoting local goods, such as backyard-grown fresh produce or container gardening for direct consumption. Furthermore, to address these problems and improve the food security of fishing communities in the Davao Gulf, coordinated strategies that support sustainable fisheries, diversify revenue streams, and provide access to foods high in micronutrients are needed.
subject: Policy Brief
  topic: section
subject: Coastal fisheries
  topic: keywords
subject: calorie intake
  topic: keywords
subject: food consumption score
  topic: keywords
subject: food groups
  topic: keywords
subject: food security
  topic: keywords
subject: food diversification
  topic: keywords
creator: Arianne Kay O Liguez
creator: John Edward M Jimenez
creator: Michael Jeriel I Bersaldo
creator: Erna S Macusi
creator: Edison D Macusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arianne Kay O. Liguez, John Edward M. Jimenez, Michael Jeriel I. Bersaldo, Erna S. Macusi, Edison D. Macusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 10
ending page: 14
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.523

Awareness and Perceptions on Reproductive Health Law Among Tausug in Magsaysay, Mati City, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Awareness and perceptions on Reproductive Health Law among Tausug in Magsaysay, Mati City, Davao Oriental were the main focus of this study. This used a qualitative, descriptive research design. Ethnographic methodology was also utilized in the study. The respondents were identified through snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling. A one-on-one interview and thematic analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. There were N=50 respondents identified. The respondents were 15-60 years old for males and 15-40 years old for females, either married or unmarried. As a result of the study, it was found that only 48% of Tausug who were aware of the Reproductive Health Law were male. According to the study, television was the most common source of their information. Their knowledge of the RH Law was limited to Family Planning and Contraceptives. Religion played a significant role in the acceptance of the RH Law. There were only 28% who were aware and willing to accept and follow the RH Law. The reason those 20% who did not accept and follow the RH Law cited was that it was against their religion; thus, there was a lack of awareness and misconceptions among the respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Contraceptives
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Reproductive
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah M Barabag
rights: Copyright (c) 2014 Abdullah M. Barabag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2014-12-18
publication date: 2014-12-18
starting page: 57
ending page: 74
doi: 10.59120/drj.v10i1.522

Gender Mapping of Abaca Farmers in Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines
type: item
description: This study was conducted to determine the socio-economic profiles of respondents, determine the participation of husband, wife and children in abaca production activities and determine the working conditions of wives and children relative to abaca production. The study was conducted in Barangay Campawan and Barangay Mikit, Baganga, Davao Oriental. Using a descriptive method of research, a rapid research design was employed wherein demographic and economic characteristic of all respondents in the two barangays were gathered. Analysis of data was also applied the frequency distribution and percentages. Results of the study showed that majority of respondents were males and between 34-41 years old. Most of them attained only elementary education and were married, professed Roman Catholic and spoke Mandaya. Majority owned 3- 4 hectares and only 1-2 hectares were planted with abaca. In terms of income, Abaca dominated among the crop production in the farm area. In Abaca production activities, husband had the most contribution from planting to marketing. Wives and children also assisted in the abaca production. The farm area was very far from the house of respondents. Most of the respondents went to the farm area from 4 am to 8 am and returned around 5 pm. The abaca farmers worked more than 8 hours a day. Husbands did not allow their wives to go to the farm area if not feeling well. Children stayed home to do household chores if their parents were working in the farm area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abaca production
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: planting
  topic: keywords
subject: production
  topic: keywords
creator: Jecel M Dolosa
creator: Lilibeth S Galvez
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Jecel M. Dolosa, Lilibeth S. Galvez, PhD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-12-12
publication date: 2018-12-12
starting page: 61
ending page: 73
doi: 10.59120/drj.v12i1.520

Lea Angsinco-Jimenez, Ph.D.: A Pioneer in Marine Science—Legacy and Impact
type: item
description: Dr. Lea Angsinco-Jimenez, a distinguished Filipino marine scientist, educator, and research administrator whose career spans more than four decades of service to marine science, coastal resource management, and higher education in the Philippines. She currently serves as Professor VI and Vice President for Research, Innovation, and Extension at Davao Oriental State University, where she has significantly contributed to advancing marine and coastal studies in the Davao Region. Her early exposure to the coastal ecosystems of Mati, Davao Oriental fostered a deep and enduring commitment to marine conservation. Dr. Jimenez began her professional career in aquaculture and fisheries research, working with the Southern Philippines Development Authority and the Mindanao State University–Institute of Fisheries Research and Development. These experiences strengthened her expertise in marine ecology, coral reef assessment, and field-based research. She later transitioned to academia, where she advanced through the ranks while pursuing higher education, earning a Master of Science in Marine Ecology from Vrije Universiteit Brussel and a Ph.D. in Higher Education. Her research covers coastal ecosystem management, mangrove rehabilitation, marine pollution, artificial reef development, and biodiversity conservation. She has led and collaborated on numerous projects funded by national and international agencies. As a research leader, she strengthened institutional programs and fostered partnerships with global organizations. A co-inventor of the patented Speedy Sea Scanner, she exemplifies innovation in marine monitoring. Widely recognized for her mentorship and community engagement, Dr. Jimenez’s legacy is defined by her contributions to science, institutional development, and environmental sustainability. Continuing influence beyond formal roles.
subject: Feature
  topic: section
subject: Coastal resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: dedication
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional contribution
  topic: keywords
subject: marine biology
  topic: keywords
subject: research
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivy M Nallos
creator: John Edward M Jimenez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ivy M. Nallos, John Edward M. Jimenez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 130
ending page: 133
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.521

Strengthening Resilience among Small-Scale Fishers in Coastal Communities in Davao Region
type: item
description: Small-scale fisheries are vital to food security and livelihoods in coastal communities, yet fishing households face multiple environmental, institutional, and livelihood-related risks. This study analyzes vulnerability levels and resilience capacities of fishers across selected municipalities in the Davao Gulf. Fieldwork interviews were conducted using indicators that measure the vulnerability and resilience of coastal communities. Vulnerability was low in Samal (0.15), Sta. Cruz (0), Carmen (0.1) & St. Maria (0.33). This indicates that they are not directly affected by climate hazards and other stressors, whereas other municipalities experienced moderate vulnerability. Resilience is low in Mabini (0), Pantukan (0.5), and Samal (0.15) due to age and health issues and the lack of alternative livelihoods, which require intervention from the government and other concerned agencies. Governor Generoso (0.73) and Sta. Maria (1.01) is a municipality with the highest level of resilience. It emphasizes that livelihood diversification, adaptive capacity and effective enforcement are present in the area. In contrast, others show moderate resilience. The findings highlight the need for integrated policies that address environmental management, institutional support, livelihood diversification, and nutrition to strengthen the resilience of coastal fishing communities.
subject: Policy Brief
  topic: section
subject: Climate risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Fisheries governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience index
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerability index
  topic: keywords
creator: John Edward M. Jimenez
creator: Arianne Kay O Liguez
creator: Michael Jeriel I Bersaldo
creator: Erna S Macusi
creator: Edison D Macusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 John Edward M. Jimenez, Arianne Kay O. Liguez, Michael Jeriel I. Bersaldo, Erna S. Macusi, Edison D. Macusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 6
ending page: 9
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i2.519

Perceptions, Causes, and Socioeconomic Effects of Drowning in Artisanal Fishing Communities
type: item
description: Drowning is an under-recognized occupational hazard in Ghana's marine and inland fishing communities. This study examined the perceptions, causes, and effects of drowning in these sectors through a cross-sectional survey of 151 respondents, utilizing structured questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and One-Way ANOVA. The results indicated that perceptions and causes of drowning were significantly higher in inland fisheries (MSP = 3.2 ± 0.2; MSC = 4.1 ± 0.1) compared to marine fisheries (MSP = 2.7 ± 0.1; MSC = 3.6 ± 0.2) (Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.05). In the marine fisheries, the primary causes of drowning were poor swimming decisions (MSC = 3.49), overloaded boats (MSC = 3.73), and extreme weather conditions (MSC = 3.15). Conversely, in inland fisheries, the significant causes were poor swimming decisions (MS = 4.58), overloaded boats (MSC = 4.56), poor knowledge of wave patterns (MSC = 4.31), submerged tree stumps (MSC = 4.15), and extreme weather conditions (MSC = 4.08). Regarding the effects of drowning, the main effects of drowning from both inland and marine fisheries were death (MSinland = 4.63 and MSmarine = 4.08) and financial stress (MSinland = 4.31 and MSmarine = 3.51). Based on these findings, it is recommended that fisheries-specific strategies, including awareness programs and infrastructure development, such as tree stump removal, be urgently implemented to reduce drowning incidents in Ghanaian fishing communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artisanal fisheries
  topic: keywords
subject: Inland
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational safety
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel K.K Amponsah
creator: Gilbert Baah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel K.K. Amponsah, Gibert Baah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 119
ending page: 129
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.516

Contours of Conviction: Quantifying Identity Stability among Muslim Youth in Response to Contemporary Islamic Thought
type: item
description: This study examined the stability of religious identity among Muslim youth in Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat, and its relationship with exposure to contemporary Islamic thought. Religious identity stability, encompassing belief, practice, and affiliation, was analyzed in the context of increasing exposure to contemporary Islamic interpretations and digital religious discourse. Employing a descriptive–correlational design, the study surveyed 220 Muslim youth aged 18 to 30 years using a structured, expert-validated questionnaire measuring religious identity stability and exposure to contemporary Islamic thought. Descriptive statistics revealed high levels of stability across belief (M = 4.09), practice (M = 3.91), and affiliation (M = 4.14), suggesting that religiosity among Muslim youth in Palimbang remains both firm and adaptive. Respondents reported openness to contemporary interpretive perspectives (M = 3.87) and perceived that contemporary Islamic thought strengthened their understanding of Islam (M = 4.20). A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.483, p < .001) was found between exposure to contemporary Islamic thought and religious identity stability, indicating that engagement with contemporary Islamic discourse, particularly through digital scholarship and contemporary Islamic learning platforms, reinforces faith commitment. These findings highlight that Muslim youth exhibit adaptive stability, maintaining coherence of belief and practice while integrating reflective engagement with contemporary Islamic scholarship. This suggests that exposure to contemporary Islamic interpretations and digital Islamic discourse fosters cognitive maturity, critical reasoning, and faith resilience. The study contributes to understanding how contemporary Islamic engagement sustains religious identity within rural Muslim communities, offering implications for religious education and youth development initiatives in the Philippine context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contemporary Islamic Thought
  topic: keywords
subject: Faith Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Stability
  topic: keywords
creator: Abusailan P Akmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abusailan P. Akmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 109
ending page: 118
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.514

Estimating the Health Production Function: A National-Level Study of Bangladesh
type: item
description: Health is a fundamental human right and a crucial determinant of human capital formation, exerting a significant influence on economic growth and development. This study empirically examines the health production function at the national level in Bangladesh, using 50 years (1975-2024) of secondary data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Bank. A multiple regression model is applied to identify the critical determinants of health status, with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation. Since this study uses time-series data, it applies diagnostic tests for stationarity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation before estimating the OLS model. The results reveal that literacy rate, employment rate, access to safe drinking water, availability of physicians, and per capita health expenditure are positively associated with life expectancy at birth, a measure of the health status of people at the national level. Conversely, the poverty headcount ratio demonstrates a negative relation with life expectancy. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a comprehensive policy framework to improve public health outcomes. Providing quality education, integrating health awareness campaigns, and implementing targeted healthcare subsidies are crucial steps toward improving the national health status. Given the relationship between health status and economic progress, a strategic focus on inclusive healthcare policies and equitable resource allocation is imperative for fostering sustainable development in Bangladesh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: economic growth
  topic: keywords
subject: health production function
  topic: keywords
subject: life expectancy
  topic: keywords
subject: ordinary least squares
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty
  topic: keywords
creator: Md Shamsul Alam
creator: Md Elias Hossain
creator: Md Asduzzaman Kiron
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Md Shamsul Alam, Md Elias Hossain, Md Asduzzaman Kiron https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 101
ending page: 108
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.511

Gendered Division of Labor in Traditional Upland Rice Farming Systems in the Selected Municipalities of the Third Congressional District of Iloilo
type: item
description: The traditional upland rice cultivation system in the Philippines demonstrates an equilibrium among cultural traditions, ecological adaptation, and gendered divisions of labour. The study was conducted in the five municipalities of the Third District of Iloilo, where TURVs are farmed, preserved, and connected to their culture. Using a structured criteria and guidelines, on-farm interviews and community consultations, and triangulations were employed from (n = 1,935) respondents. A colour-coded matrix was integrated (men’s activities presented in blue cells, women’s activities in yellow cells, the joint-task-sharing indicates green cells, and violet cells – not applicable activities). Findings indicated distinct gender-related clusters of labor specialization. Land tillage, fertilization, and pest control remain significantly more male-dominated because they are physical and technically demanding. By contrast, seed system management, sowing or planting, weeding, harvesting, and postharvesting are shared primarily by both genders. Women are active participants in seed selection, storage, processing, and, in some instances, sales and marketing: They actively participate in actions which contribute to household food security and cultural persistence. Evidence of inadequate or informal marketing of upland rice has been drawn from this research and indicates that TURVs depend on subsistence and serve to constitute community life. Gender inclusivity needs to be emphasized and integrated into agricultural research, development planning, and improvement plans. Equitable participation not only reinforces household resistance but also maintains indigenous means of knowledge systems and culturally appropriate interventions suitable to the daily life situations of upland farmer families.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Color-coded matrix
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural-affinity
  topic: keywords
subject: seed systems
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable upland rice farming
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional upland rice variety
  topic: keywords
creator: Edreson G Torteo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edreson G. Torteo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 86
ending page: 100
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.510

Physical Activity Barriers and Holistic Wellness among Teacher Education Students
type: item
description: This study aimed to determine the significant relationship between physical activity barriers and holistic wellness among teacher education students. Using quantitative research design, the study employed descriptive-correlational method with 180 teacher education students as respondents. There was significant relationship between physical activity barriers and holistic wellness among teacher education students. The results revealed that among teacher education students, the mean scores for physical activity barriers were: lack of willpower (3.43), lack of time (3.30), lack of resources (3.08), fear of injury (2.79), and lack of skills and social influence (both 2.76). These results yielded an overall mean of 3.09, indicating a moderate level of perceived barriers; notably, the only barrier to reach a "high" mean was lack of energy (3.54). Regarding holistic wellness, students achieved high mean scores in physical and environmental health (3.74), mental and emotional health (3.95), and spiritual and social health (4.18). The overall result of the two variables got computed on Pearson R-value of 267 that generated a p-value of .000, which means that based on the 0.05 level of significance, the probability yield was less than the alpha value (p<.05) means there is a significant relationship between physical activity barriers and holistic wellness among teacher education students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical
  topic: keywords
subject: Wellness
  topic: keywords
creator: Odesyl M Caparos
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 Odesyl M. Caparos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-12-15
publication date: 2015-12-15
starting page: 52
ending page: 69
doi: 10.59120/drj.v11i1.508

Levels of Awareness, Importance and Willingness to Engage in Agri-Tourism: In the case of Farm Owners and some Sectors in the Municipality of Manay
type: item
description: This study was conducted to measure the levels of awareness, importance and willingness of the respondents to engage in agri-tourism in the municipality of Manay, Davao Oriental. Respondents of this study were 13 including farmers, representatives from the selected sectors in the community policy maker, government, transport sector, student and professional. The farmers were identified as Gawad-saka awardees located in four barangays namely, San Ignacio, Holy cross, Cayawan and Tubigan. Semi-structured interview questionnaires were used to collect data, analyzed, interpreted and computed through frequency counts and percentages. Most of the respondents being interviewed were males; under the age bracket raging 51-60 years old, 40-50 years old and 61-70 years old. About 92% of the marital status of respondents were married and the remaining 8% were single. Most of the respondents were Mandaya and majority of their religion were Catholic. In terms of the primary source of income of the respondents, most of them rely on farming and 46% of the respondent finished their tertiary level. Farmers were highly aware of what is agri-tourism. Some sectors in the community were also highly aware on what is agri-tourism, its definition, terms related to agri-tourism and some activities to enjoy in. Farmers perceived that agri-tourism was very important as well as some sectors in which the result shows the general importance was very high. Farmers were very willing to engage in agri-tourism as well as some sectors recognized agri-tourism as income generating and would greatly help the economic status of the farms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agri-tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Manay
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Willingness-to-engage
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Mae G Cabanos
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 Christine Mae G. Cabanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-12-15
publication date: 2015-12-15
starting page: 35
ending page: 51
doi: 10.59120/drj.v11i1.507

Assessing the Implementation and Outcomes of the Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) Empowerment Program of the 56th Infantry (TATAG) Battalion, 7th Infantry (KAUGNAY) Division, Philippine Army
type: item
description: This paper assessed the initiative programs developed within the 56th Infantry Battalion, aligned with the NCO Empowerment Program of the Headquarters, Philippine Army, and their effects on leadership confidence, professional initiative, and unit performance among NCOs. A multi-method design was utilized, employing a descriptive-comparative quantitative framework to determine significant differences across profiles, complemented by a descriptive-exploratory qualitative analysis. A total of 303 personnel from 56IB, 7ID, PA participated in the study. Quantitative data were examined using frequency, percentage, average weighted mean, T-test, and ANOVA, while qualitative data were analyzed by Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results revealed that the level of implementation was rated as “Very High” (AWM = 4.68), while the extent of outcomes was perceived at a “Very High Extent” (AWM = 4.61). A significant difference in perceived outcomes was identified regarding rank (p = 0.008), specifically showing that Junior NCOs (Corporal to Sergeant) benefited most by gaining leadership confidence and professional initiative. While mentorship and recognition bolstered morale, challenges such as hesitation due to traditional command norms and personal welfare issues were identified. Overall, the program significantly enhances leadership development, professional initiative, and unit performance, but requires sustained mentoring and structured leadership training to address organizational barriers. These findings suggest that empowering NCOs at the tactical level strengthens coordination and decision-making, contributing to the broader professionalization of the Philippine Army.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Junior NCOs
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership Confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional Initiative
  topic: keywords
subject: Unit Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali B Sumangil
creator: Bismark D Gumela
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ali B. Sumangil, Bismark D. Gumela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 73
ending page: 85
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.502

Elevation-Driven Shifts in Species Diversity, Endemicity, and Vegetation Structure across the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Davao Oriental, Philippines
type: item
description: Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS) in Davao Oriental, Philippines, is among the country’s most ecologically diverse and geologically unique mountain ecosystems. Rising to 1,620 m above sea level and covering 6,834 ha, it is part of the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor. Declared a national park in 2003 and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, Mt. Hamiguitan supports numerous endemic and threatened species through collaborative stewardship by national agencies, local governments, and indigenous communities. This study analyzed vegetation profiles and land cover types along Mt. Hamiguitan’s elevational gradient to clarify biodiversity patterns and ecological zonation. Sixteen vegetation quadrats were systematically established at 100-m intervals from 140-1,620 m above sea level. Species composition, forest type, and mean diameter at breast height (DBH) were recorded and integrated with satellite-derived land cover data and GIS analysis to evaluate habitat distribution and human influence. Five major forest formations were identified: agroecosystem (75–420 m), dipterocarp forest (420–920 m), montane forest (920–1,160 m), mossy forest (1,160–1,350 m), and mossy-pygmy forest (1,160–1,620 m). Elevation strongly influenced shifts in species diversity, endemicity, and vegetation structure. Lower elevations were dominated by agriculturally influenced species such as Ficus indica and Chrysophyllum cainito, while higher zones supported stunted, endemic taxa including Leptospermum flavescens and Tristaniopsis micrantha, adapted to ultramafic soils and cooler, wind-exposed environments. The study underscores Mt. Hamiguitan’s role as a vertically stratified refuge for endemic biodiversity and highlights the need to protect high-altitude forests, restore buffer zones, and monitor climate-driven species shifts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conservation Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Endemism
  topic: keywords
subject: Forest Stratification
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Tropical Forest Ecosystem
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramil L Ramos
creator: Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica
creator: Emily S Antonio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ramil L. Ramos, Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica, Emily S. Antonio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 60
ending page: 72
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.500

Microbial Assessment of Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology's (DOSCST) Water System Mati, Davao Oriental: A Basis for Management Intervention
type: item
description: This study dealt with the microbial assessment of the water system of Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DOSCST). It determined the Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliforms, identifying the genera of coliforms, water consumption, and health-related information among the students, faculty, staff, and management intervention to water supply. The study was conducted in the DOSCST's main campus. Collection of water samples was done on December 2006 and January 2007 Results disclosed that the Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliforms in the water sample ranged from 9, 11, 13, and 16. Thermotolerant bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia were the four (4) genera of coliforms found in the water samples. Thus, water proved to be not suitable for drinking. Evidently, the students (50.70%), faculty (49.98%), and staff (43.33%) consumed the water supply of the college for drinking, washing, cooking, bathing, and watering of plants. The frequency of usage was seldom for students, frequent for the faculty, and most frequent for the staff. Of all the respondents, students (0.3%) and faculty (0.7%) had experienced water-related health problems such as stomach aches and skin rashes. Students had experienced water-related health problems most frequently, while the faculty had experienced them always. On the other hand, the staff had never experienced any water-related health problems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Coliforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Klebsiella
  topic: keywords
subject: Pseudomonas
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermotolerant
  topic: keywords
creator: Jennie Besas
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 Jennie C. Besas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-11
publication date: 2026-02-11
starting page: 58
ending page: 67
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.499

Advantages of Restricted Caregiving on Work Behaviors of Digitally Fixated Children Ages 2–5 in Cavite
type: item
description: The study investigated the effects of caregiving approaches on the work behaviors of digitally fixated children aged 2 to 5 years in Cavite, Philippines. It examined how restricted, unrestricted, and supervised caregiving approaches influence a child’s attention, concentration, frustration tolerance, and impulse control. A descriptive correlational quantitative design was used, involving 75 caregiver–child dyads selected through purposive and convenience sampling. The study introduced a caregiver approach classification tool developed and validated for the Philippine context, which caregivers completed along with adapted instruments to rate their children’s work behaviors. Descriptive statistics showed that the restricted caregiving approach was most prevalent, followed by supervised and unrestricted, while caregiver reports indicated average work behavior quality. Spearman’s rank-order correlation indicated a very weak, positive, and non-significant association between caregiving approaches and work behaviors. In contrast, the Kruskal–Wallis H test revealed significant differences in work behaviors across caregiving approaches, with Dunn’s post hoc analysis confirming higher work behavior levels among children in restricted caregiving than in supervised or unrestricted caregiving. These findings suggest that a restricted caregiving approach may better support work behaviors among digitally fixated young children by providing consistent structure and clear limits during task engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Early childhood development
  topic: keywords
subject: child behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: restricted
  topic: keywords
subject: unrestricted
  topic: keywords
subject: supervision
  topic: keywords
creator: Kyla Marie B Lucas
creator: Pauline L Hernandez
creator: Jennifer Rose R Ablang
creator: Michael Balabat
creator: Andrea Gelyn C Cascante
creator: Andrei Miguel P Crucillo
creator: Vince Cedrick B Macuñat
creator: Keana Andria M Sarmiento
creator: Sophia Laureanna M. Sebastian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kyla Marie B. Lucas, Pauline L. Hernandez, Jennifer Rose R. Ablang, Michael Balabat, Andrea Gelyn C. Cascante, Andrei Miguel P. Crucillo, Vince Cedrick B. Macuñat, Keana Andria M. Sarmiento, Sophia Laureanna M. Sebastian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 51
ending page: 59
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.498

Performance of TALABLOCKS: Cement Hollow Block with Ostreidei Shell additive
type: item
description: This study investigates the potential use of oyster shells (Ostreidae) as an additive in the production of hollow blocks to enhance their mechanical and physical properties. Specifically, it assessed the effects of oyster shell incorporation on compressive strength and water absorption performance. An experimental–descriptive research design was employed to establish cause-and-effect relationships while providing a detailed characterization of the material's behavior. The experiment was conducted at ParksHub Hollow Blocks, Purok Dita, Bobon, Mati City, Davao Oriental, and laboratory evaluation was performed at Triple M Material Testing Center, Tagum City. Observations and measurements were systematically recorded using a logbook, and data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare the performance of “Talablocks” (oyster shell–enhanced blocks) with commercial hollow blocks. Results revealed a significant increase in compressive strength for Talablocks compared with conventional hollow blocks, indicating the potential of oyster shell powder to enhance load-bearing capacity. Visual observations during and after compressive strength testing showed no noticeable cracking or abnormal failure patterns in Talablocks, suggesting that the added oyster shell powder did not induce brittleness. In contrast, water absorption did not differ significantly between the two block types, indicating that although oyster shell addition may slightly increase hydration, it does not compromise material integrity or crack resistance. These findings demonstrate that oyster shell waste can be repurposed as an effective, sustainable additive in construction materials, reducing waste and promoting environmentally responsible hollow block production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: eco-friendly construction
  topic: keywords
subject: oyster shell additive
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable building materials
  topic: keywords
subject: waste utilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Marjon Jake H Ruelo
creator: Judy Pearl M. Ranulo
creator: Patricia Kaye R. Acuña
creator: Prince John B. Guadalquiver
creator: Francis Noli T Sayawan
creator: Yasser D Musa
creator: John Ely P Palmera
creator: Norsalam Bascuña
creator: Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marjon Jake H. Ruelo, Judy Pearl M. Ranulo, Patricia Kaye R. Acuña, Prince John B. Guadalquiver, Francis Noli T. Sayawan, Yasser D. Musa, John Ely P. Palmera, Norsalam Bascuña, Phoebe Nemenzo-Calica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
starting page: 44
ending page: 50
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.497

Growth And Survival of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) Fed with Seaweeds under Cage Condition in Guang-Guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: Growth and survival of sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) fed with seaweeds under cage condition in Guang-guang, Mati, Davao Oriental was studied through measuring the weight of 120 samples, which ranged from 50 to 120, for three months (November 2006-January 2007). Cages were set up using (RCBD) Random Complete Block Design, four treatments with three replications: T1 control (no feeding), T2 feed with green algae (Caulerpa racemosa), T3 feed with brown algae (Sargassum polycystum), and T4 feed with red algae (Gracilaria sp.). Feeding was done weekly, and weight measurement was done every two weeks. Environmental parameters such as water temperature, pH, salinity, and turbidity were also determined every two weeks. Growth was measured by calculating the variance (S²). Survival was determined by the actual count of every individual. Data showed that growth of sea hare in T4 exhibited faster growth (0.28 gram per day fed with red algae Gracilaria sp.) compared to other treatments. Survival of sea hare ranged from 80% to 86%. Average mean temperature ranged from 31.89°C to 31.28°C, salinity ranged from 33.42 to 33.83 ppt, pH ranged from 7.93 to 7.95, and turbidity of water is very clear. During gut analysis, there were undigested parts of algae found in T4 and T2 specimens, while in T1 and T3 specimens, no remains of algae were found.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Salinity
  topic: keywords
subject: Seaweeds
  topic: keywords
subject: Specimen
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Turbidity
  topic: keywords
creator: Michelle Jean M Gunayan
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 Michelle Jean M. Gunayan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-04
publication date: 2026-02-04
starting page: 47
ending page: 57
doi: 10.59120/drj.v7i2.495

Quality, Utilization and Management of Groundwater in Barangay Badas, Mati, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: The study was conducted to assess the quality of groundwater and management practices of the residents in Barangay Badas, Mati, Davao Oriental. Specifically, this included the water utilization profile and biological characteristics—Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliforms per 100 ml. sample, chemical characteristics-pH. total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, nitrates, sodium, magnesium, and calcium. There were 208 respondents interviewed for the determination of water utilization profile, potential source of contamination, and water management practices of the residents in Barangay Badas. Five sampling sites were established for the collection of water samples, which were then submitted to the University of Immaculate Conception, Davao City for analysis. The Philippine National Standard for drinking water was used for water quality assessment. The t-test was used for data analyses in comparing the experimental mean to the standard value. The majority of the residents in Barangay Badas used their water for domestic purposes. The main possible sources of groundwater contamination in this area were the waste from agricultural activities, improper waste disposal, and improper sanitation. The results for the most probable number of coliforms per 100 ml. sample and sodium were above the maximum level. The pH levels were within the safe limits for drinking water. The results for total dissolved solids, total hardness, chlorides, nitrates differ from one station to another. Magnesium and calcium had no standard values. The residents of Barangay Badas should be educated on the importance of water management in order to conserve one of its non-renewable natural resources, the groundwater.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological
  topic: keywords
subject: Coliforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: Disposal
  topic: keywords
subject: Groundwater
  topic: keywords
creator: Mark Jay C Gomez
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 Mark Jay C. Gomez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 29
ending page: 46
doi: 10.59120/drj.v7i2.493

Media Exposure and Social Awareness of selected Residents in Mati City, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: The study was conducted to determine the media exposure and social awareness of some residents in Barangay Central, Mati, Davao Oriental. The objectives of the study were to determine the socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, determine the types or forms of media they are exposed to, and find out the reasons of the respondents for the types of media accessed. The research design utilized was the descriptive type, where the survey questionnaire was the instrument used in data gathering. And the simple frequency count and percentage was the method used in analyzing the data. The data showed that 33% cited that their choice of media was its accessibility in the home. Print media, specifically newspapers, was patronized as the most used by the majority. Broadcast media gained 19% of the respondents, with radio as the choice of the majority. The results revealed, too, that TV was used as a source of information and as the choice of the majority of the respondents. The Internet was the choice of 14% of respondents as a source of information among the types of multimedia. The respondents also revealed that media were contributory to their social awareness regarding the events across the nations and the world in general. Through media the respondents pointed out that they have adequate information that helped them cope with their social undertaking as well as face problems affecting their social well-being. The sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics have no significant relationship with the choice of media exposure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Broadcast
  topic: keywords
subject: Exposure
  topic: keywords
subject: Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic
  topic: keywords
creator: Jennecorse M Egos
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 Jennecorse M. Egos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 15
ending page: 28
doi: 10.59120/drj.v7i2.492

Technology-Integrated Problem-Based Learning in Mathematics Education: A Scoping Review of Technological Trajectories, Pedagogy, Learning, and Challenges
type: item
description: Technology-Integrated Problem-Based Learning (TI-PrBL) is gaining attention as an approach that combines digital tools, artificial intelligence, and real-world problems to enhance mathematics teaching and learning. This scoping review evaluates existing theoretical and empirical evidence on TI-PrBL in mathematics education to examine its pedagogical foundations, impact on students’ problem-solving skills, and the challenges faced in its implementation. A scoping review design was adopted, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, to identify and map relevant studies. The review revealed four key themes. First, the evolution of technology use shows a shift from tools that emphasized efficiency, such as calculators and spreadsheets, toward platforms that foster inquiry, collaboration, and visualization, including GeoGebra, Desmos, and generative AI. Second, TI-PrBL is anchored in constructivist, self-regulated, and transformative learning theories, highlighting its capacity to strengthen higher-order thinking, autonomy, and reflective engagement. Third, consistent findings point to its positive impact on mathematical problem-solving, with students demonstrating deeper conceptual understanding, flexible strategies, and collaborative reasoning in TI-PrBL environments. Finally, challenges persist, including limited teacher preparedness, an accelerating digital divide due to inequitable access to technology, and gaps in student digital literacy, which raise concerns about the long-term sustainability and inclusivity of the TI-PrBL framework. Overall, the findings suggest that TI-PrBL holds strong potential to enhance mathematical problem-solving when aligned with authentic, real-world tasks and supported by inclusive technological access, institutional investment, and hybrid instructional models that balance inquiry-based and teacher-guided learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Problem-Based Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Diether C Montejo
creator: Chris R Buscay
creator: Roland A Nasayao
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Diether C. Montejo, Chris R. Buscay, Roland A. Nasayao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 30
ending page: 43
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.490

Understanding Verbal Bullying in Meranaw: A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Guidance Office Narratives
type: item
description: This qualitative study examines verbal bullying expressed in the Meranaw language through a psycholinguistic lens, drawing on documented narratives from the Guidance Office of Mindanao State University–Integrated Laboratory School (MSU-ILS), Marawi City. Meranaw refers to both the language and the ethnolinguistic group predominantly residing in Lanao del Sur, whose cultural values particularly maratabat (honor) shape interpersonal communication. The study aimed to identify (1) documented narratives of verbal bullying, (2) linguistic and emotive features of Meranaw bullying expressions, (3) underlying psychological forces influencing both bullies and the bullied, and (4) the psychological consequences of these experiences. Using a narrative case study design, data were triangulated from Guidance Office archives (2017–2022), in-depth interviews with students and parents, focus group discussions with teachers, and key informant interviews with psychologists and linguists. Psycholinguistic analysis focused on lexical choice, emotive meaning, and culturally embedded interpretations of verbal expressions. Findings reveal that Meranaw verbal bullying commonly manifests through name-calling and culturally loaded insults targeting physical appearance, socioeconomic status, and ethnic or religious identity, resulting in strong emotional responses such as shame, humiliation, and insecurity. Psychological forces driving bullying include narcissistic tendencies, displacement, and peer pressure, while bullied learners often exhibit low self-esteem and social vulnerability. A key limitation is the single-site, context-specific nature of the study, which limits generalizability. The study underscores the need for culturally responsive, language-sensitive interventions involving schools and families.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emotive meaning
  topic: keywords
subject: Meranaw language
  topic: keywords
subject: psycholinguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological forces
  topic: keywords
subject: verbal bullying
  topic: keywords
creator: Sittie Zhaynab H Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sittie Zhaynab H. Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-06
publication date: 2026-03-06
starting page: 21
ending page: 29
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.488

Assessing Regional Risks and Policy Responses to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasion in Davao Region
type: item
description: The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has emerged as a serious threat to rice and corn production in the Philippines, particularly in the Davao Region. Since its detection in 2019, the pest has rapidly spread due to its high mobility, polyphagous feeding behavior, and adaptability, causing significant crop damage and threatening regional food security and farmer livelihoods. Corn, being the pest’s preferred host, has suffered yield losses of up to 80% in severe infestations, while recent reports also confirm its ability to attack rice seedlings. The region’s diverse cropping systems, continuous cultivation, and favorable climate further increase FAW’s establishment and spread. Current responses rely heavily on chemical control, raising concerns over resistance development, environmental harm, and health risks. This policy brief therefore advocates the urgent adoption of science-based, integrated pest management strategies, strengthening surveillance and monitoring systems, promoting resilient, diversified farming practices, and enhancing farmer education and extension support. It also recommends increased research funding, stakeholder collaboration, and participatory approaches to develop locally adapted solutions. Implementing these coordinated strategies will reduce FAW impacts, safeguard rice and corn production, and support the long-term resilience and sustainability of the agricultural sector in the Davao Region.
subject: Policy Brief
  topic: section
subject: Economic impact
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated pest management
  topic: keywords
subject: invasive pest
  topic: keywords
subject: farmers’ livelihood
  topic: keywords
subject: local agroecosystems
  topic: keywords
creator: Karl Fritze S Sampiano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karl Fritze S. Sampiano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
starting page: 14
ending page: 20
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.487

Comparative Assessment of CCTV Implementation in Government and Private Places in the Province of Capiz, Philippines
type: item
description: Guided by Rational Choice Theory and Deterrence Theory, this study explored how Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are implemented in both government and private sectors in the Province of Capiz, Philippines. Using a descriptive-comparative approach, the study gathered data from 1,567 respondents—including police officers, barangay chairpersons, and security guards—from 17 municipalities and cities through stratified random sampling. A validated and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that CCTV systems were generally in place in government- owned establishments, while implementation in private establishments was only moderate. Differences in perceptions were also evident across respondent groups. Statistical analysis revealed that police officers and security guards consistently rated CCTV implementation higher than barangay chairpersons in both sectors. This suggests that professional roles and day-to-day exposure to security operations shape how CCTV effectiveness is viewed. When examined through the lenses of Rational Choice and Deterrence theories, CCTV emerges as an important tool that discourages crime by increasing the perceived risk of being detected and punished. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for clearer policies, stronger coordination among agencies, and continued investment in surveillance infrastructure to improve public safety and promote more effective governance in both public and private spaces.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CCTV
  topic: keywords
subject: Deterrence Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Government-Owned Place
  topic: keywords
subject: Private Owned Place
  topic: keywords
subject: Rational Choice Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Joenard C Duno
creator: Wilfredo D Dalugdog
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joenard C. Duno, Wilfredo D. Dalugdog https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 6
ending page: 13
doi: 10.59120/drj.v17i1.486

DOSCST Automated State College Admission and Scholarship Test
type: item
description: As Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DOSCST) moves for better and quality education, this study was conducted to have a full grasp of the transactions and processes of the Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology State College Admission and Scholarship Test (DOSCST SCAST) to improve its conduct. The automation of SCAST, the improvement of its data access and retrieval, and the security of examination and results data to make the transactions and processes done in a shorter period of time are the main objectives of the study. Prototyping methodology was used in Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DOSCST) Automated SCAST development. This allows the team to build a prototype within a short period of time and enhance it as the prototyping iteration process continues. Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DOSCST)-Automated SCAST will have a great role in DOSCST’s Guidance Counseling and Testing Center (GCTC) and for the DOSCST administration as well. This will provide efficient transactions and convenience to the GCTC personnel and ease to the examinees during the examination period. In addition, this will also make way for providing filtered data information to future studies about the DOSCST’s entrance examination process. Finally, this study helps in achieving a better quality education in DOSCST. Thus, Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DOSCST) should adopt the conduct of the DOSCST-Automated State College Admission and Scholarship Test as its basis in accepting new students and in selecting its scholars.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Automated
  topic: keywords
subject: Prototyping
  topic: keywords
subject: Iteration
  topic: keywords
subject: Scholarship
  topic: keywords
creator: Mylen Boloy
creator: Serjean A Cario
creator: Stephen Paul Uy
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 Mylen S. Boloy, Serjean A. Cario, Stephen Paul L. UY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2005-12-05
publication date: 2005-12-05
doi: 10.59120/drj.v6i3.484

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Management on Cooperative Performance of Multipurpose Cooperatives in Davao Oriental, Philippines
type: item
description: This study, grounded in entrepreneurial management theory, aimed to identify which indicators of Entrepreneurial Management - Strategic Orientation, Management Structure, Growth Orientation, Entrepreneurial Culture significantly predict the performance of multipurpose cooperatives in Davao Oriental, Philippines. A survey method using a researcher-administered questionnaire gathered data from 200 respondents. The data were then analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results showed that entrepreneurial management attained an overall mean score of 4.05, indicating implementation across strategic orientation, management structure, growth orientation, and entrepreneurial culture. Cooperative performance likewise scored high (M = 4.34; SD = 0.83). Regression results revealed that all four indicators significantly predict cooperative performance (R² = 0.85, p < .05). The findings indicate that entrepreneurial management could play a crucial role in improving cooperative efficiency, organizational development, and a member-centered approach, especially by having a high level of strategic orientation and entrepreneurial culture. The findings offer practical implications for cooperative sustainability and may inform policies supporting organizational development in rural enterprises.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurial management
  topic: keywords
subject: cooperative performance
  topic: keywords
subject: correlational research design
  topic: keywords
subject: multipurpose cooperatives
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeni A Nicolas
creator: Annie L Deriada
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jeni A. Nicolas, Annie L. Deriada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 107
ending page: 115
doi: 10.59120/drj.v16i4.483

Richness and Abundance of Tree Species in the Bonsai Field, Mount Hamiguitan, San Isidro, Davao Oriental
type: item
description: The study aimed to assess the richness and abundance of tree species in the Bonsai Field, Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental. Sampling was conducted within the Bonsai Field, where ten remote-sensed sample plots were established. The presence of bonsai tree species in all plots was recorded, counted, and identified using mechanical sampling with a line plot method. Species identification employed both reference methods and the Indigenous Knowledge System, using local common names for all species. A total of 67 species were documented, of which 38 species (57%) were identified with local names and 29 species (43%) remained unidentified. Seven species showed 100% constancy, and 12 species (18%) had 90% fidelity. Eleven species (16.41%) exhibited high mean density, ranging from 1,000 to over 5,000 stems/ha, with a total mean percent cover of 62.74%. Eleven species were dominant, while 56 were rare. Among dominants, Chinese cedar (Toona sinensis) had the highest mean density (5,280 stems/ha) and percent cover (15.20%), followed by Bitanghol (Calophyllum blancoi) (2,340 stems/ha, 6.88%) and Malasulasi (Leptospermum flavescens Sm.) (2,220 stems/ha, 6.39%). Distribution of bonsai trees showed a clumped pattern; the highest variance values were recorded for Chinese cedar (Toona sinensis) (1,257.73) and Zysigium spp. (Syzygium P. Browne ex Gaertn) (1,138.80), while Unknown species_2 had the lowest (0.50). The Shannon Diversity Index was 3.4060, the Evenness Index 0.8101, and the Dominance Index 21.1416, indicating high species diversity. The data provide baseline information for environmental management, proper utilization of forest resources, and conservation of the Bonsai Field and Mt. Hamiguitan Range.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abundance
  topic: keywords
subject: Richness
  topic: keywords
subject: Mt. Hamiguitan
  topic: keywords
subject: Bonsai
  topic: keywords
subject: Species
  topic: keywords
creator: Jan Rey S Hapinat
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 Jan Rey Sarabia Hapinat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2007-12-02
publication date: 2007-12-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.59120/drj.v7i2.482

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Utilization as a Mediator Between Students’ Study Attitude and Mathematics Achievement
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in education has sparked interest in its effect on student learning. This study examined AI utilization as a mediator in the relationship between students’ study attitude and mathematics achievement, involving 323 BSED Mathematics students across four campuses of Davao de Oro State College, of whom 195 were identified as AI users. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational design was employed, with data collected through stratified random sampling. An adapted questionnaire measured study attitude (17 items) and AI utilization (25 items), while mathematics grades from the first semester of the academic year 2024–2025 served as indicators of academic performance. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and Sobel’s Test. Findings revealed that students generally demonstrated high levels of study attitude, whereas AI utilization was moderate. Mathematics achievement was classified as very satisfactory. Despite these positive indicators, the relationship between AI utilization and mathematics achievement was weak and non-significant, and mediation analysis showed no significant mediating effect of AI utilization. In conclusion, the study indicates that although students exhibited strong study attitudes and satisfactory mathematics performance, AI utilization did not significantly influence achievement or mediate the relationship between study attitude and performance. This suggests that students’ learning attitudes remain more influential than AI use, while AI tools function primarily as supplementary support. Strengthening students’ study habits and attitudes should remain a priority in enhancing learning outcomes. Further research is recommended to determine the conditions under which AI may more effectively contribute to academic performance and inform broader educational strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI utilization
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: mathematics achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: students’ study attitude
  topic: keywords
creator: Lysander E Roquero
creator: Rain Jhon U Rollon
creator: Gemar B Magbutong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lysander E. Roquero, Rain Jhon U. Rollon, Gemar B. Magbutong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
starting page: 98
ending page: 106
doi: 10.59120/drj.v16i4.480